1mRNA
messenger RNA, used for transcription, carriers the genetic code
2Non-coding RNA
vary in length and function, do not encode for proteins
3rRNA
(ribosomal RNA) a part of ribosomes, used for translation
4tRNA
(transfer RNA): used for translation, carries amino acids
5snRNA
(small nuclear RNA): used for mRNA processing and intron removal
6miRNA & siRNA
(mirco RNA and small interfering RNA): regulatory RNA
7Pribnow box
-10 bp upstream
8-35 consensus sequence
-35 bp upstream
9RNA polymerase
a holoenzyme composed of several subunits, unwinds DNA
102 Alpha Units
help assemble the enzyme
11Beta Subunit
active in catalysis
12Beta Prime Subunit
binds the DNA
13W Subunit
helps assemble the holoenzyme
14Sigma Factor
binds to the promoter until transcription begins and initiates the first unwinding
15Addition of the 5' Cap
protects the mRNA from degradation as its transported across the nuclear envelope and the introns are spliced out
16Polyadenylation of the 3'
facilitating transport of mRNA across the nuclear membrane, protecting the mRNA from degradation, and enhancing translation by enabling ribosomal recognition of the mRNA