genetics - transcription (functions)

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1
mRNA
messenger RNA, used for transcription, carriers the genetic code
2
Non-coding RNA
vary in length and function, do not encode for proteins
3
rRNA
(ribosomal RNA) a part of ribosomes, used for translation
4
tRNA
(transfer RNA): used for translation, carries amino acids
5
snRNA
(small nuclear RNA): used for mRNA processing and intron removal
6
miRNA & siRNA
(mirco RNA and small interfering RNA): regulatory RNA
7
Pribnow box
-10 bp upstream
8
-35 consensus sequence
-35 bp upstream
9
RNA polymerase
a holoenzyme composed of several subunits, unwinds DNA
10
2 Alpha Units
help assemble the enzyme
11
Beta Subunit
active in catalysis
12
Beta Prime Subunit
binds the DNA
13
W Subunit
helps assemble the holoenzyme
14
Sigma Factor
binds to the promoter until transcription begins and initiates the first unwinding
15
Addition of the 5' Cap
protects the mRNA from degradation as its transported across the nuclear envelope and the introns are spliced out
16
Polyadenylation of the 3'
facilitating transport of mRNA across the nuclear membrane, protecting the mRNA from degradation, and enhancing translation by enabling ribosomal recognition of the mRNA
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