Theatre History 3 midterm

elevate modern drama into true art, develop realism for the people

The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism.

1868-1912

1935

1913

group to persecute individuals and groups for their alleged communist ties or sympathies.

1933

1932

1929-1940s

80

funding cancelled in 1939, dies committee

1917

1918

1920 Eugene O'Neill

Roosevelt's plan to fix the economy, creation of federal employment programs

1914-1918

1920

Fillippo Martinetti, 1909-1944

1934

1935

1937

1939

1938

1935

1929

Actress, member of the Group Theatre, Acting teacher

October 29, 1929; date of the worst stock-market crash in American history and beginning of the Great Depression

1918- mid-1930s

Harold Clurman, Stella Adler, Lee Strasberg, Clifford Odets,Stanford Meisner

rise in organized crimes, denatured alcohol

outlawed the manufacture or sale of alcohol

Plays explore spiritual awakening and resultant suffering of hero, struggle against mainstream views, plays with overt religious overtones

sustained economic prosperity, industrial growth, electrification, consumption

largest new deal agency, creation of public buildings and roads

A Living Newspaper company in Russia

theatrical form presenting factual information on current events to a popular audience, originated with Elmer rice

witness Balinese dance, 1931- first manifesto for a theatre of cruelty published,
theatre should represent reality, affect/disturb the audience

philosophically- imagination is reality, suffering is essential to existence, cosmic purification

1603-1868 was a semi-feudal government of Japan in which one of the shoguns unified the country under his family's rule.

expressionist- realism "insufficient", no replication of event

modernist concerned with medium, linked with epic theatrte, frist play "Baal"

1867

1899

1905

1909

1911

1913

1915

1925 Antonin Artaud

1926

1923

1859, Charles Darwin

10 shows

"New Theatre" began in Japan, based on Western models

1. metaphor for the essence of human experience
2. cruelty as theatre
3.discipline
4. philosophically

as discipline- rejection of static form, incitement of chaos

Established by Congress as part of the Works Progress Administration; goal was to employ theatre artists under the guidelines of the WPA., creation of "national theatre", 5 reginl center

held throughout the nation, 65% free, no admission greater than $1, all forms of theatrte produced

abolish auditorium- audience in center, removed artifice, overwhelm audience, disruptive sounds

metaphor for the essence of the human experience
-nihilistic universe

cruelty as theatre- force spectator into center of action, spectator is acted upon, removal of aesthetic distance

presents world solely from a subjective perspective, world distorted for emotional effect, express meaning or emotional experience instead of physical reality

technology- automobiles, telephones, film

Switzerland, 1916, manifestos by Tristian Tzara

Theatre is meant to enlighten the human spirit, Emphasize play rather than trappings, Focus on actor training

uniter performers and spectators, rejection of realism, sybolic stylization

1927 show with music by Jerome Kern & O. Hammerstein, first radically integrated musical

elected by the people in 1932

233 new productions

187 new productions

80 new productions

44

only 300

begins as offshoot of Theatre Guild, Foremost concern was theatre as art, Wanted to show problems of real life people, acting is fake

1500

Theatre du Vieux Colombier, wrote essay on dramatic renewal, viewed theatre as true art not just enterainment

short lived, reaction to insanity of WWI and mirrored the madness of the world, pascifists, short plays

came from Dada movement, argued the subconscious was the highest plane of reality and attempted to recreate it, France was center, many plays set in dreamworld

loathing of old, celebrated originality change and innovation, elimination of "high culture"- no museams/libraries, rebels, embraced fascism

begins in 1909 in Milan, Filippo

-isms
Futurism, Dada, Expressionism, Cubism, Surrealism

stark lighting, bare stages, iconic props, distorted sets, abstract scenery, masks used

1928 Sophie Treadwell, Expressionism, inspired by murder case, utilizes major expressionist style

kept under survelliance, troupes sent to factories, military, collective farms, blue blouse performance

December 7, 1941 - Surprise attack by the Japanese on the main U.S. Pacific Fleet harbored in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

producer, director, author, asked to lead FTP, set up structure for organization

text too dominant, creation of theatrical language of gestures

1853 the event where Matthew Perry arrived in Japan to gain exclusive trading rights; led to extraterritoriality for US in Japan; US threatened to blow them up if trade did not start

centralized bureaucratice govt., accelerated industrialization, strengthened military, education, civilization and enlightenment

written and published but not staged- novelists essayists poets

performance, naturalistic socially progressive non-commercial dramas

psychological vs. political

development of non-aristotelian dramaturgy, epic vs dramatic, more dialetic than epic, hegelian

distnacing/alientation, Makes characters/events strange, new,startling, breaks illusion, historification- pastness emphasized

Story within a story, Distant time/place, Manipulation of time• Narration, Music/songs, Removal of suspense, Overt allusion/subtext

Half-curtain, Musicians onstage, Lighting instruments visible, Fragmentary/projected scenery, Harsh lighting, Explanatory placards

Oklahoma- 1943, by Rogers and hammerstein, unified integration of all aspects

1943-1967

all elements further story, songs are expected to both entertain and forward the plot, directors and choreographers take larger role, musicals start exploring social themes

fictional world

continuation, singing as mode of expression

Brigadoon, My Fair Lady, Camelot

audience as active, productive participation, spectator observes carefullt, theatre as both entertainging and isntructive, forms/structure of theatre must change