1Colostomy is what kind of procedure?
A surgical procedure that creates an opening in the colon to divert waste outside the body
2What is nephritis?
Inflammation of the kidneys, often due to infection or autoimmune conditions
3What does rhinoplasty involve?
A surgical operation on the nose to correct structure or function
4What is hyperglycemia?
A high blood glucose level, often requiring monitoring in diabetic patients
5What does purulent indicate?
The presence of pus, often signaling infection
6What are the stages in the Cycle of Infection?
Reservoir Host, Means of Exit, Means of Transmission, Means of Entrance, Susceptible Host
7What are pathogens?
Microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that cause disease
8What are the vital signs?
Temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure
9What is the normal respiratory rate for adults?
12-20 breaths per minute
10What affects blood pressure measurement accuracy?
Correct cuff size, based on patient's weight
11What is the average adult systolic blood pressure?
90-120 mmHg
12What is the average adult diastolic blood pressure?
60-80 mmHg
13Where is the pulse commonly measured?
At the radial artery (wrist)
14How is heart rate calculated?
Count beats for 30 seconds and multiply by two
15What is the normal adult heart rate?
60-100 BPM
16What are the different methods of temperature assessment?
Temporal (forehead), Aural/Tympanic (ear), Oral (mouth), Axillary (armpit), Rectal
17Which temperature method is most accurate?
Rectal
18Which temperature method is least accurate?
Axillary
19What should you ask before taking an oral temperature?
Recent oral intake (food, drink, smoking)
20How long should you wait after oral intake to take temperature?
15 minutes
21What is the most effective way to prevent infection spread?
Hand hygiene (handwashing)
22When should hand hygiene be performed?
Start and end of shift, before/after eating or restroom, when hands are soiled
23What is medical asepsis?
Practices like cleaning and PPE use to reduce pathogen transmission
24What does the cell membrane do?
Allows entrance and exit of chemicals
25What is cytoplasm?
A gel-like substance that holds organelles
26What are mitochondria known as?
The cell's powerhouse; they produce energy
27What does the transverse plane divide?
The body into top and bottom halves
28What does the medial plane divide?
The body into right and left halves
29What does lateral mean?
Toward the sides
30What does medial mean?
Toward the middle
31What does proximal mean?
Closer to the trunk
32What does distal mean?
Further from the trunk
33What is the SOAP method used for?
Inpatient charting
34What does "S" in SOAP stand for?
Subjective – patient’s symptoms
35What does "O" in SOAP stand for?
Objective – measurable data like vital signs
36What does "A" in SOAP stand for?
Assessment – provider's diagnosis
37What does "P" in SOAP stand for?
Plan – treatment for diagnosis
38What is outpatient care?
Short-term treatment for chronic conditions; ambulatory
39What is inpatient care?
Healing via surgery, infusions, or other long-term treatments
40What is hospice care?
Palliative care for comfort and quality of life in terminal illness