Stepful Exam 1
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1
Colostomy is what kind of procedure?
A surgical procedure that creates an opening in the colon to divert waste outside the body
2
What is nephritis?
Inflammation of the kidneys, often due to infection or autoimmune conditions
3
What does rhinoplasty involve?
A surgical operation on the nose to correct structure or function
4
What is hyperglycemia?
A high blood glucose level, often requiring monitoring in diabetic patients
5
What does purulent indicate?
The presence of pus, often signaling infection
6
What are the stages in the Cycle of Infection?
Reservoir Host, Means of Exit, Means of Transmission, Means of Entrance, Susceptible Host
7
What are pathogens?
Microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that cause disease
8
What are the vital signs?
Temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure
9
What is the normal respiratory rate for adults?
12-20 breaths per minute
10
What affects blood pressure measurement accuracy?
Correct cuff size, based on patient's weight
11
What is the average adult systolic blood pressure?
90-120 mmHg
12
What is the average adult diastolic blood pressure?
60-80 mmHg
13
Where is the pulse commonly measured?
At the radial artery (wrist)
14
How is heart rate calculated?
Count beats for 30 seconds and multiply by two
15
What is the normal adult heart rate?
60-100 BPM
16
What are the different methods of temperature assessment?
Temporal (forehead), Aural/Tympanic (ear), Oral (mouth), Axillary (armpit), Rectal
17
Which temperature method is most accurate?
Rectal
18
Which temperature method is least accurate?
Axillary
19
What should you ask before taking an oral temperature?
Recent oral intake (food, drink, smoking)
20
How long should you wait after oral intake to take temperature?
15 minutes
21
What is the most effective way to prevent infection spread?
Hand hygiene (handwashing)
22
When should hand hygiene be performed?
Start and end of shift, before/after eating or restroom, when hands are soiled
23
What is medical asepsis?
Practices like cleaning and PPE use to reduce pathogen transmission
24
What does the cell membrane do?
Allows entrance and exit of chemicals
25
What is cytoplasm?
A gel-like substance that holds organelles
26
What are mitochondria known as?
The cell's powerhouse; they produce energy
27
What does the transverse plane divide?
The body into top and bottom halves
28
What does the medial plane divide?
The body into right and left halves
29
What does lateral mean?
Toward the sides
30
What does medial mean?
Toward the middle
31
What does proximal mean?
Closer to the trunk
32
What does distal mean?
Further from the trunk
33
What is the SOAP method used for?
Inpatient charting
34
What does "S" in SOAP stand for?
Subjective – patient’s symptoms
35
What does "O" in SOAP stand for?
Objective – measurable data like vital signs
36
What does "A" in SOAP stand for?
Assessment – provider's diagnosis
37
What does "P" in SOAP stand for?
Plan – treatment for diagnosis
38
What is outpatient care?
Short-term treatment for chronic conditions; ambulatory
39
What is inpatient care?
Healing via surgery, infusions, or other long-term treatments
40
What is hospice care?
Palliative care for comfort and quality of life in terminal illness
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