Sas 11

Refers to confidence in the truthfulness of data and their interpretations. There are various techniques that can improve and document credibility of qualitative data, and this is done by carrying out investigation in a way that believability is enhanced.

The researcher is immersed in the group and spends time to collect in-depth data by engaging their views with the group and understanding their feelings, ideas and opinions in a longer period of time.

The researcher focuses on all the aspects of the situation that are relevant to the phenomenon being studied until even up to the point of saturation.

Credibility is enhanced through the use of multiple references to draw conclusions about what constitute truth
of the study. It aims to prevent the intrinsic bias that comes from the single method, single observer and single theory studies (Denzin, 1989). It helps capture a more complete and contextualized status of a phenomenon.

A time to meet and confer with peers to objectively review and explore various aspects of the phenomenon. ________ involve asking study participants' reactions to preliminary findings and interpretations of the inquiry.

This involves search for data that could challenge an emerging concept or descriptive theory. This occurs with purposive sampling and facilitated by prolonged engagement and debriefing. The sampling of individuals who can give conflicting viewpoints can strengthen the gualitative description of a phenomenon.

This involves field notes with rich descriptions of what transpired in the field, descriptions of participants' demeanor and behavior during interactions and description of interview context,

It is concerned with the stability of qualitative data for a long period of time and are conditioned by a stepwise replication or an approach using split-half technique with several researchers divided into two teams. The researcher conduct inquiries separately and then compare their data and conclusions. An inquiry audit is also necessary to ensure _________ of data and conclusions, which involve scrutiny of data and supporting documents by an external reviewer.

It refers to the objectivity and neutrality of data to show congruence between two or more independent variables to determine accuracy, relevance and meaning of data. To confirm the data, findings must reflect the participants' opinions, feelings and attitude regarding the inquiry and not the opinions, biases or perspective of the researcher.

_________ refer of data refers to research findings which can be transferred or applied to other settings. This is similar to the concept of generalizability of data in which the researcher provides a thorough and sufficient descriptive data of the research setting, transactions and processes observed during the inquiry.

A rich, thorough, and vivid description of the research context, the study participants, and the experiences and processes observed during the inquiry

It is another criteria to establish trustworthiness of qualitative studies. This refers to the extent to which the researcher describes truthfully and accurately varied existence of different realities. It demonstrates in-depth feelings and emotions of participants lives as they are lived.