1proximal attachment of gluteus maximus
ilium (posterior to the posterior gluteal lines), posterior surface of the sacrum and coccyx
2distal attachment of gluteus maximus
most fibres attach to the iliotibial tract (which attaches to the anterolateral tubercle of the tibia). Some fibres insert onto the gluteal tuberosity of the femur
3nerve supply of the gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal nerve
4action of the gluteus maximus
extends and externally rotates the hip joint. Produces hip extension particularly from a flexed position
5proximal attachment of the extensor digitorum longus
lateral condyle of the tibia, anterior aspect of fibula and interosseous membrane
6distal attachment of the extensor digitorum longus
phalanges of digits 2-5 (dorsal aspect)
7nerve supply of extensor digitorum longus
deep fibular nerve
8action of extensor digitorum longus
extends digits 2-5. Dorsiflexes the ankle joint
9proximal attachment of the extensor hallucis longus
anterior aspect of fibular and interosseous membrane
10distal attachment of the extensor hallucis longus
distal phalanx of the 1st digit (dorsal aspect)
11nerve supply of the extensor hallucis longus
deep fibular nerve
12action of the extensor hallucis longus
extends the first digit. dorsiflexes the ankle joint
13proximal attachment of the tibialis anterior
lateral surface of the tibia
14distal attachment of the tibialis anterior
medial cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal
15nerve supply of the tibialis anterior
deep fibular nerve
16action of the tibialis anterior
dorsiflexes the ankle joint and inverts the subtalar joint
17proximal attachment of the fibularis tertius
anterior aspect of fibular and interosseous membrane
18distal attachment of the fibularis tertius
base of the 5th metatarsal
19nerve supply of the fibularis tertius
deep fibular nerve
20action of the fibularis tertius
dorsiflexes the ankle joint. Everts the subtalar joint
21proximal attachment of the tensor fascia lata
anterior superior iliac spine
22distal attachment of the tensor fascia lata
iliotibial tract (which attaches to the anterolateral tubercle of the tendon)
23nerve supply of the tensor fascia lata
superior gluteal nerve
24action of the tensor fascia lata
abducts and internally rotates the hip joint. Keeps pelvis level during single leg stance. Assists with flexion of hip joint
25proximal attachment of pectineus
superior ramus of pubis
26distal attachment of pectineus
pectineal line of femur
27nerve supply of pectineus
femoral nerve
28action of pectineus
adducts and flexes hip joint
29proximal attachment of vastus intermedius
anterior aspect of shaft of femur
30distal attachment of vastus intermedius
common attachment point via quadriceps tendon to the base of patella. Continues via the patellar tendon from the apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity
31nerve supply of vastus intermedius
femoral nerve
32action of vastus intermedius
extends the knee joint
33proximal attachment of vastus medialis
medial lip of linea aspera of femur
34distal attachment of vastus medialis
common attachment point via quadriceps tendon o the base of the patella. Continues via the patellar tendon from the apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity
35nerve supply of vastus medialis
femoral nerve
36action of vastus medialis
extends the knee joint
37proximal attachment of vastus lateralis
lateral lip of linea aspera of femur
38distal attachment of vastus lateralis
common attachment via quadriceps tendon to the base of the patella. Continues via the patellar tendon from the apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity
39nerve supply of vastus lateralis
femoral nerve
40action of vastus lateralis
extends the knee joint
41proximal attachment of iliacus
iliac fossa
42distal attachment of iliacus
lesser trochanter of the femur
43nerve supply of the iliacus
femoral nerve
44action of the iliacus
flexes the hip joint. Stabilises hip joint when standing
45proximal attachment of sartorius
anterior superior iliac spine
46distal attachment of sartorius
superior part of the medial surface of the tibia
47nerve supply of the sartorius
femoral nerve
48action of the sartorius
flexes, abducts and externally rotates the hip joint. Flexes and internally rotates the knee joint
49proximal attachment of superior gemellus
ischial spine
50distal attachment of superior gemellus
greater trochanter of the femur
51nerve supply of superior gemellus
nerve to obturator internus
52action of superior gemellus
externally rotates an extended hip joint. Abducts a flexed hip joint. Stabilises hip joint
53proximal attachment of quadratus femoris
ischial tuberosity
54distal attachment of quadratus femoris
quadrate tubercle of the femur
55nerve supply of quadratus femoris
nerve to quadratus femoris
56action of quadratus femoris
externally rotates the hip joint. Stabilises the hip joint
57proximal attachment of obturator externus
external surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone
58distal attachment of obturator externus
greater trochanter of the femur
59nerve supply of obturator externus
obturator nerve
60action of obturator externus
externally rotates the hip joint. Stabilises the hip joint
61proximal attachment of piriformis
anterior surface of the sacrum
62distal atttachment of piriformis
greater trochanter of the femur
63nerve supply of piriformis
nerve to piriformis
64action of piriformis
externally rotates an extended hip joint. Abducts a flexed hip joint. Stabilises the hip joint
65proximal attachment of gracilis
body of pubis
66distal attachment of gracilis
superior part of the medial surface of the tibia (as part of pes anserine)
67nerve supply of gracilis
obturator nerve
68action of gracilis
adducts the hip joint. Flexes and internally rotates the hip joint
69proximal attachment of semimembranosus
ischial tuberosity
70distal attachment of semimembranosus
posterior aspect of the medial condyle of the tibia
71nerve supply of semimembranosus
tibial division of the sciatic nerve
72action of semimembranosus
extends the hip joint. Flexes and internally rotates the knee joint
73proximal attachment of adductor longus
body of pubis
74distal attachment of adductor longus
middle third of the linea aspera of femur
75nerve supply of adductor longus
obturator nerve
76action of adductor longus
adducts the hip joint
77proximal attachment of semitendinosus
ischial tuberosity
78distal attachment of semitendinosus
superior part of the medial surface of the tibia (as part of pes anserine)
79nerve supply of semitendinosus
tibial division of the sciatic nerve
80action of semitendinosus
extends the hip joint. Flexes and internally rotates the knee joint
81proximal attachment of adductor brevis
inferior ramus of pubis
82distal attachment of adductor brevis
pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur
83nerve supply of adductor brevis
obturator nerve
84action of adductor brevis
adducts and flexes hip joint
85proximal attachment of adductor magnus adductor part
inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium
86proximal attachment of adductor magnus hamstring part
isschial tuberosity
87distal attachment of adductor magnus adductor part
linea aspera and medial supracondylar line of femur
88distal attachment of adductor magnus hamstring part
adductor tubercle of the femur
89nerve supply of adductor magnus adductor part
obturator nerve
90nerve supply of adductor magnus hamstring part
tibial division of the sciatic nerve
91action of adductor magnus adductor part
extend and adduct hip joint
92action of adductor magnus hamstring part
flexes and adduct hip joint
93proximal attachment of flexor digitorum longus
posterior surface of tibia, inferior to the soleal line
94disal attachment of flexor digitorum longus
distal phalanges of digits 2-5 (plantar aspect)
95nerve supply of flexor digitorum longus
tibial nerve
96action of flexor digitorum longus
flexes digits 2-5. Plantarflexes the ankle joint
97proximal attachment of flexor hallucis longus
posterior aspect of the fibular and interosseous membrane
98distal attachment of flexor hallucis longus
distal phalanx of the 1st digit (plantar aspect)
99nerve supply of flexor hallucis longus
tibial nerve
100action of flexor hallucis longus
flexes the first digit
101proximal attachment of tibialis posterior
posterior surface of tibia inferior to the soleal line, posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
102distal attachment of tibialis posterior
navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, sustentaculum tali of calcaneus, base of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metarsals
103nerve supply of tibialis posterior
tibial nerve
104action of tibialis posterior
plantarflexes the ankle joint. Inverts the subtalar joint
105proximal attachment of popliteus
lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus
106distal attachment of popliteus
posterior surface of the tibia, superior to the soleal line
107nerve supply of popliteus
tibial nerve
108action of popliteus
weakly flexes the knee joint. Unlocks the knee joint via slight external rotation of the femur, or internal rotation of the tibia
109proximal attachment of psoas major
lateral aspect of vertebra T12-L5 and the intervertebral discs
110distal attachment of psoas major
lesser trochanter of femur
111nerve supply of psoas major
anterior rami of lumbar nerves L1-3
112action of psoas major
flexes the hip joint. Stabilises the hip joint when standing
113proximal attachment of gluteus medius
ilium, between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines
114distal attachment of gluteus medius
greater trochanter of the femur
115nerve supply of the gluteus medius
superior gluteal nerve
116action of the gluteus medius
abducts and internally rotates the hip joint. Keeps pelvis level during single leg stance
117proximal attachment of obturator internus
internal surface of the obturator membrane and surrounding bone
118distal attachment of obturator internus
greater trochanter of the femur
119nerve supply of obturator internus
nerve to obturator internus
120action of the obturator internus
externally rotates an extended hip joint. Abducts a flexed hip joint. Stabilises the hip joint
121proximal attachment of the soleus
head of the fibula, soleal line and medial border of the tibia
122distal attachment of the soleus
posterior surface of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tnedon
123nerve supply of the soleus
tibial nerve
124action of the soleus
plantarflexes the ankle joint
125biceps femoris long head proximal attachment
ischial tuberosity
126biceps femoris short head proximal attachment
linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of the femur
127biceps femoris distal attachment
head of the fibula
128nerve supply of the long head of the biceps femoris
tibial division of the sciatic nerve
129nerve supply of the short head of the biceps femoris
common fibular division of the sciatic nerve
130action of the biceps femoris
the long head extends the hip joint. Flexes and externally rotates the knee joint (both heads)
131proximal attachment of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius
lateral condylar of femur
132proximal attachment of medial head of the ggastrocnemius
medial condylar of femur
133distal attachment of the gastrocnemius
posterior surface of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
134nerve supploy of the gastrocnemius
tibial nerve
135action of the gastrocnemius
plantarflexes the ankle joint. Flexes the knee joint
136proximal attachment of the plantaris
lateral supracondylar line of femur
137distal attachment of the plantaris
posterior surface of the calcaneous via the calcaneal tendon
138nerve supply of the plantaris
tibial nerve
139action of the plantaris
weakly plantarflexes the ankle joint
140fibularis brevis proximal attachment
inferior two thirds of the lateral aspect of fibular
141distal attachment of the fibularis brevis
tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal
142nerve supply of the fibularis brevis
superficial fibular nerve
143action of the fibularis brevis
everts the subtalar joint. Weakly plantarflexes the whole ankle joint
144proximal attachment of the fibularis longus
superior two thirds of the lateral aspect of fibula
145distal attachment of the fibularis longus
medial cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal
146nerve suplly of fibularis longus
superficial fibular nerve
147action of fibularis longus
everts the subtalar joint. Weakly plantarflexes the ankle joint
148proximal attachment of the rectus femoris
anterior inferior iliac spine
149distal attachment of the rectus femoris
common attachment via quadriceps tendons to the base of the patella. Continues via the patellar tendon from the apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity
150nerve supply of the rectus femoris
femoral nerve
151action of the rectus femoris
extends the knee joint. Flexes the hip joint