1Describe the sequence of stages that produced simple cells...
1. Abiotic synthesis creates small organic molecules 2. The small molecules join together to form macromolecules 3. The molecules get packaged into "protocells" 4. The protocells are the origin of self replicating molecules that allowed for inheritance.
2When did animals originate on Earth? What period can be credited for this?
Animals originated in Proterozoic, Ediacaran period 635-542 MYA.
3Order of time record?
Eon, Era, Period
4How long ago did Atmospheric Oxygen increase in abundance.
2.7 BYA
5What are the 4 major eons in the geological record? Order from most recent to latest.
Phanerozoic, Proterozoic, Archaen, Hadean.
6How many years ago was the prokaryote origin?
3.8 BYA
7What eras were apart of the Phanerozoic eon?
Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic
8What happened 2.7 BYA?
Bacteria similar to modern cyanobacteria could photosynthesize and produced increased atmospheric oxygen during photosynthesis.
9What periods were in the Mesozoic era?
Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic
10How many years ago was the eukaryote origin?
2.1 BYA, fossils 1.8 BYA
11What were the challenges and opportunities that were created from the "Oxygen Revolution"?
Posed challenge to life that had evolved to be anaerobic, provided opportunity to cellular respiration.
12What periods belong to paleozoic?
Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian.
13What does radiometric dating use to date fossils?
The surrounding isotopes of fossils.
14When was the cretaceous extinction?
65 MYA
15What conditions helped with the process of fossilization
If the organisms existed for a long time, If the organisms were abundant and widespread, If the organism had hard parts
16How many years ago was the multicellular eukaryotic origin?What
1.5 BYA
17How can fossils or surrounding rocks have their age determined?
Radiometric dating
18What eon did eukaryotes first appear in?
Proterozoic eon
19How long ago was the Cambrian explosion?
535-525 MYA
20What eon did most animal life exist in?
Phanerozoic eon.
21What is the Ediacaran period?
Large soft bodied animals arose 635-542 MYA
22How long ago was the colonization of animals on land?
400 MYA
23What are Stromatolites?
Oldest known fossils made of layered rocks of bacteria and sediment.
24Explain the Endosymbiont theory and provide evidence.
Mitochondria and Plastids were formerly small prokaryotes living within larger host bacteria. Evidence for this is that the mitochondria have unique DNA; the plastid and mitochondria replication are similar to the prokaryotes.
25What period can be accredited with a noticeable increase of animal life and overall species diversity on Earth?
Cambrian explosion (525 to 535 million years ago) This also marked the beginning of hard-bodied animals (including predatory ones).
26When was the permian extinction? What was it?
251 MYA, Volcanic activity caused an increase in atmospheric CO2 and a global warming of about 6 degrees.
27When and what was the Cambrian "Explosion"?
535-525 MYA a large amount of animals burst onto the evolutionary scene.
28When was the cretaceous extinction? What was it?
65.5 MYA, Half of all marine species and many terrestrial plant and animal families went extinct during this time. A layer of iridium and clay suggests an asteroid/comet impact. Chicxulub crater.
29To when can the origin of animals be dated back to?
770 MYA
30In the past 500 million years how many mass extinction events occured?
5, all of them 50% or more of the marine species became extinct.