clinical

overproduction

underproduction

Increases secretion of growth hormone or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
Less commonly, a tumor affects the secretion of prolactin.

excess of growth hormone in children causesExcess ACTH overstimulates the adrenal cortex, resulting in Cushing disease.disorder of glucose metabolism..

excess of growth hormone in adults, characterized by enlargement of the hands, feet, jaw, and facial features.

surgery to remove the tumor

surgery to remove the tumor (adenomectomy) or by drugs to reduce the blood levels of growth hormone.

Excess ______ overstimulates the adrenal cortex, resulting in Cushing disease.

Increased _______ causes milk secretion (galactorrhea) in both males and females.

milk secretion

caused by tumor or interruption of blood supply to the gland, may involve a single hormone but usually affects all functions and is referred to as

lack of growth hormone

lack of ADH result in

which the kidneys have a decreased ability to conserve water

excessive urination

excessive thirst

disorder of glucose metabolism.

If not diagnosed at birth and treated, hypothyroidism will lead to mental retardation within six months

autoimmune destruction of the thyroid

. Hypothyroidism in both children and adults is easily treated with

bulging eyeballs, termed

The most common form of hyperthyroidism is

muscle spasms

Hypofunction of the adrenal cortex is usually caused by autoimmune destruction of the gland. It may also result from a deficiency of pituitary ACTH. The lack of aldosterone results in water loss, low blood pressure, and electrolyte imbalance.

An excess of adrenal cortical hormones results in

Patients with this syndrome have moon-shaped faces, obesity localized in the torso, weakness, excess hair growth (hirsutism), and fluid retention.

If the disorder is caused by a pituitary tumor that increases ACTH production, it is referred to as

cushing disease causes

excess glucose in the urine

extreme hunger

caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet cells and failure of the pancreas to produce insulin.

accounts for about 90 percent of diabetes cases. Heredity plays a much greater role in this form of diabetes than in type 1.

is initiated by cellular resistance to insulin. Feedback stimulation of the pancreatic islets leads to insulin overproduction followed by a failure of the overworked cells to produce enough insulin.

refers to glucose intolerance during pregnancy. This imbalance usually appears in women with family histories of diabetes and in those who are obese. Women, especially those with predisposing factors, must be monitored during pregnancy for signs of DM because this condition can cause complications for both the mother and the fetus.

is diagnosed by measuring glucose levels in blood plasma with or without fasting.

People with T1DM must monitor blood glucose levels

is now made by genetic engineering. There are various forms with different action times that can be alternated to achieve glucose regulation.