1Which term of the equation: dN1/dt = rm1N1(1-(N1 + a12N2/K2), represents the "competition coefficient" describing the effect of species 2 on the population of species 1, compared to the effect of species 1 on its own population?
a12
2The competitive exclusion principle leads to the prediction that:
species living together will have different niches
3The competition coefficients of the Lotka-Volterra competition model represent:
The competitive effects of members of one species on the population of the other
4A Lotka-Volterra competition coefficient ofα21 = 0.5 means:
an individual of species 1 takes up 1/2 as much of species 2's resources compared to that taken up by another member of species 2
5Describe an example of an applied aspect of competition that showcases why it's important to consider competitive interactions for proper conservation and management of species and/or habitats.
An example of an applied aspect of competition that goes on to showcase why it’s important to consider the competitive interactions for proper conservation and management of species and habitats is the Starlings and House Sparrows. The Starlings and House Sparrows in North America compete with native birds that nest in cavities. These new species take over the nesting places which directly causes the native birds to decline in population. This shows that the conservation and management is important on not only protecting the habitat, but also on managing the competition from the invasive species. This also kind of relates to the article I chose for my 2nd in class Writing Assignment talking about invasive species and the effect on the ecosystems.
6The functional response:
describes how the rate of prey consumption changes with changes in prey density
7What is an example that shows a Type 1 functional response?
reindeer feeding on lichen
8What is TRUE of a type 2 functional response?
the proportion of prey consumed (relative to prey density) decreases with increasing prey density
9What is TRUE of the numerical responses of predators to prey densities
-Predators can respond numerically by increasing in population size
-Predators can respond numerically by immigration
10What was NOT among the methods used by Ackerman 2002?
Point counts were conducted to estimate duck densities
11In Ackerman's (2002) study of the effects of coexisting prey on waterfowl nest success, what relationships most closely resembled a type 2 functional response curve?
The relationship between Mallard nest success and vole abundance
12What are the two main types of harvesting fish and wildlife populations? Describe the overall objective common to both types of harvesting, and then go on to explain the only way this can be achieved.
The two main types of harvesting fish and wildlife populations is recreational and commercial. Recreational harvesting is the hunting and fishing for sport, while commercial harvesting is the hunting and fishing for food production. The overall objective common to both types of harvesting is to have sustainable methods of harvesting. This means making sure that the number of individuals taken away form a population does not exceed the number of new individuals entering the population. The only way this can be achieved is by having the population be able to increase before harvesting. So this can happen by reducing the predation as well as increasing the available resources for the population.
13If a population is to be harvested, it must be stimulated to increase, for example by
-Providing food resources
-Reducing predation
-Reducing population density
14The trade-off between harvest yield and density is such that:
The more density is reduced, the greater the yield as a proportion of population size
15The "maximum sustainable yield" (MSY) is:
The greatest sustainable rate at which individuals can be harvested from a population without causing extinction
16Which of the following regarding commercial harvesting is TRUE:
It is more profitable to harvest well below the maximum sustainable yield
17The "population trends" part of the waterfowl management chapter by Moyle et al. (2014) indicates which of the following types of wintering waterfowl are most numerous in the Suisun Marsh:
dabbling ducks