1What is a mutation?
change in the sequence of bases in a gene (ex: sickle cell disease codon GAG to GTG)
2What can cause a mutation?
replication error, transposons, mutagens
3transposons
jumping genes. pieces of DNA that move within and between chromosomes
4mutagens
environmental influences
5What are two types of point mutations?
silent mutation and missense mutation
6point mutations
change in one base
7sickle cell disease
causes single amino acid change (a missense mutation)
8silent mutation
if the amino acid is unchanged
9missense mutation
a change in amino acid
10What is a frameshift mutation and why is it worse than a point mutation?
insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotide pairs, which affects all the downstream codons
11gene therapy
insertion of genetic material into human cells for treatment of a disorder
12ex vivo gene therapy
removal of tissue followed by insertion of a normal gene and replacement in an individual in an attempt to treat a disorder
13in vivo gene therapy
insertion of a normal gene into a person's body in treating a genetic disorder
14What is often used as a vector to transfer a new gene into a cell?
a virus because they are able to transport their genomes into affected hosts
15vector
a DNA molecule that carries a specific DNA segment into a cell
16name the types of gene editing technologies
CRISPR and RNAi