Blood

Only liquid tissue in human body, a connective tissue.

Living cells

Non-living matrix

Scarlet red

dull red

Slightly higher than body temperature.

90% water, rest is nutrients, salts, respiratory gases, hormones, proteins, waste products.

Regulates osmotic pressure

Help to stem blood loss

Helps protect body from antigens

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Cell fragments

Carry oxygen

Biconcave disks, Bag of hemoglobin, anucleate, few organelles

Iron containing protein, binds strongly to oxygen, four binding sites, 250 mil per cell.

Defense against disease, complete cell, responds to damaged tissues.

Leukocytes ability to move through blood cells and tissues with ameboid like motion.

4000-11000, low caused by drugs, high is good

Granules in cytoplasm, includes the phils

Lack visible granules, includes the cytes

Multilobed nucleus with fine granules, phagocyte

Large red granules, found in response to allergies and parasitic worms.

Histamine containing granules that intiate inflammation

Nucleus fills most of cell

Largest WBC, macrophage, fights cronic infection

Ruptured cells called megakaryocytes, clot, 300,000

Blood cell formation, red bone marrow, hemocytoblast, lymphoid makes lymphocytes, myeloid stem cells make formed elements.

Die in 100-120 days, spleen and liver destroy, replaced by hemocytoblast division

Controlled by hormone (erythropoietin), kidneys make it in negative feedback

Stoppage of blood, from break in vessel, vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Anchored platelets release serotonin, Serotonin makes it spasm, spasms narrow the blood vessel

Collagen fibers exposed by damage, sticky and cling to fibers, anchored release message to bring more

Injured tissue releases Tissue factor, PF3 reacts with TF, clotting factor, and calcium to trigger clotting cascade.

Thrombin joins fibrinogen proteins into hair like fibrin, forms a meshwork.

Clots in 3-6 minutes, Remains as endothelium regenerates, broken down after tissues repaired

Clot in unbroken vessel, dangerous in vital areas

Thrombus breaks away, can clog later in vital areas like brain

Platelet defeciency, even normal movements cause bleeding

Hereditary bleeding disorder, normal clotting factors are missing

Only way to replace blood quickly, 15-30 weakness, 30-more shock and death. Must be same blood group

Genetically determined proteins, foreign antigens can be attacked, typed by using antibodies to cause certain proteins to clump (agglutination)

30 common red blood, most vigorous reactions are ABO and Rh antigens

Type A, Type B, lack of antigens is called Type O

Presence of A and B is type AB, either is A or B

Named because of presence or absence of one of the Rh antigens, most Americans are Rh+ problems when mixing + and -

When mother is Rh- and father is Rh+, child is Rh+, mismatch causes problems in births after first,

Blood samples mixed with anti-a and anti-b serum, coagluation determines blood type, typing for ABO and Rh is same, Cross match for transfusion

Fetus makes more oxygen sensitive blood in spleen and liver, bone marrow takes over after seven months