1Anaerobic Respiration
Energy production without oxygen using alternative electron acceptors or fermentation.
2Fermentation
Process regenerating NAD⁺ from NADH to allow glycolysis to continue.
3Lactic Acid Fermentation
Converts pyruvate → lactate + NAD⁺ (occurs in muscle and RBCs).
4Alcoholic Fermentation
Converts pyruvate → CO₂ + ethanol + NAD⁺ (occurs in yeast).
5Purpose of Fermentation
Regenerate NAD⁺ so glycolysis can continue producing ATP.
6ATP Yield Anaerobic
2 ATP per glucose (from glycolysis only).
7Obligate Anaerobes
Organisms that cannot survive in oxygen.
8Facultative Anaerobes
Organisms that switch between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.