1What is the simpsons diversity index equation?
D = 1- Σn(n-1) / N(N-1)
n-no. of individuals in species, N-no. of different species
2How to assess biodiversity in field work?
Grid area, use number generator to avoid bias
Count no. of diff species and how many in each
Repeat 10 times
Calc simpson diversity index
3What does simpsons diversity index do for comparison?
Reduces species richness and evenness to a single no. so diff areas can be compared
4How can kick sampling be used?
In rivers
Lincoln index used to estimate pop of mobile organisms
5What does biodiversity mean?
No. of diff species and no. of individuals in each species in a given environment
6What is species richness?
The no. of diff species in an area
7What is species evenness?
No. of individuals from each species
8How does biodiversity vary spatially?
More closer to equator- more biodiversity
9How does biodiversity vary temporally?
Varies thru time, eg. mass extinctions
10What human activities affect biodiversity?
Climate change
Deforestation
Habitat destruction
11What is polymorphism?
Prescence of more than one form / type of organism within a single species
12How does polymorphism happen?
Result of multiple alleles for a gene
13How is polymorphism assessed?
Determining the no. of alleles and the proportion of individuals with that allele
14How do you look for variation?
Analysis of base sequences in DNA
15What does it mean if there is large variation
The higher the genetic diversity is
16What process generated biodiversity?
Natural selection
17Describe natural selection
All individuals in species have genetic variation thru mutation that can be inherited
Some variants have selective advantage
These varianrs survive and reproduce so their advantageous gene is passed on
18What is natural selection?
Organisms becoming adapted to their environment
19What are the 3 types of adaptations?
Morphological
Physiological
Behavioural