biodiversity unit 2

D = 1- Σn(n-1) / N(N-1)
n-no. of individuals in species, N-no. of different species

Grid area, use number generator to avoid bias
Count no. of diff species and how many in each
Repeat 10 times
Calc simpson diversity index

Reduces species richness and evenness to a single no. so diff areas can be compared

In rivers
Lincoln index used to estimate pop of mobile organisms

No. of diff species and no. of individuals in each species in a given environment

The no. of diff species in an area

No. of individuals from each species

More closer to equator- more biodiversity

Varies thru time, eg. mass extinctions

Climate change
Deforestation
Habitat destruction

Prescence of more than one form / type of organism within a single species

Result of multiple alleles for a gene

Determining the no. of alleles and the proportion of individuals with that allele

Analysis of base sequences in DNA

The higher the genetic diversity is

Natural selection

All individuals in species have genetic variation thru mutation that can be inherited
Some variants have selective advantage
These varianrs survive and reproduce so their advantageous gene is passed on

Organisms becoming adapted to their environment

Morphological
Physiological
Behavioural