1What is chemical coordination and integration?
Chemical coordination and integration is regulation of body functions by hormones.
2What are hormones?
Hormones are non-nutrient chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands.
3What are endocrine glands?
Endocrine glands are ductless glands that release hormones directly into blood.
4How are hormones transported in the body?
Hormones are transported through blood to target organs.
5What are target organs?
Target organs are tissues on which hormones act.
6What are hormone receptors?
Hormone receptors are specific proteins that bind to hormones.
7Where are hormone receptors located?
Hormone receptors are located on cell membrane or inside target cells.
8What are the major groups of hormones based on chemical nature?
Peptide, steroid and amino acid derivative hormones.
9What are peptide hormones?
Peptide hormones are made of amino acids and act on membrane receptors.
10What are steroid hormones?
Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and act on intracellular receptors.
11What are amino acid derivative hormones?
Amino acid derivative hormones are derived from tyrosine or tryptophan.
12What is the hypothalamus?
Hypothalamus is the link between nervous system and endocrine system.
13What is pituitary gland?
Pituitary gland is the master gland controlling other endocrine glands.
14Where is pituitary gland located?
Pituitary gland is located below the hypothalamus.
15What are the two parts of pituitary gland?
Anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary.
16Name hormones secreted by anterior pituitary
GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH and prolactin.
17What is the function of growth hormone?
Growth hormone stimulates growth and metabolism.
18What is the function of TSH?
TSH stimulates thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine.
19What is the function of ACTH?
ACTH stimulates adrenal cortex to release hormones.
20What is the function of FSH?
FSH stimulates gamete formation.
21What is the function of LH?
LH triggers ovulation and formation of corpus luteum.
22What is prolactin?
Prolactin stimulates milk production in mammals.
23Name hormones secreted by posterior pituitary
ADH and oxytocin.
24What is the function of ADH?
ADH regulates water balance in the body.
25What is the function of oxytocin?
Oxytocin causes uterine contraction and milk ejection.
26What is thyroid gland?
Thyroid gland secretes hormones regulating metabolism.
27Name thyroid hormones
Thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
28What is the function of thyroxine?
Thyroxine regulates basal metabolic rate.
29What is goitre?
Goitre is enlargement of thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency.
30What is parathyroid hormone?
Parathyroid hormone regulates calcium and phosphate balance.
31What is adrenal gland?
Adrenal gland is located above kidneys and secretes stress hormones.
32Name hormones of adrenal medulla
Adrenaline and noradrenaline.
33What is the function of adrenaline?
Adrenaline prepares body for emergency situations.
34What is pancreas as an endocrine gland?
Pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon.
35What is the function of insulin?
Insulin lowers blood glucose level.
36What is the function of glucagon?
Glucagon increases blood glucose level.
37What are gonads?
Gonads are sex glands producing hormones and gametes.
38Name male sex hormone
Testosterone is the male sex hormone.
39Name female sex hormones
Oestrogen and progesterone are female sex hormones.
40What is feedback mechanism?
Feedback mechanism regulates hormone secretion.
41What is negative feedback?
Negative feedback inhibits hormone secretion when level is high.