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The self in the social world

20 flashcardsby AdUvert
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1
What is the spotlight effect?
  • The belief that others are paying more attention to our appearance and behavior than they really are
  • The tendency to compare ourselves with people who are better than us
  • The tendency to adjust our behavior to social situations
  • The belief that our emotions are easily controlled
2
A student gives a presentation and accidentally mispronounces a word.
After class, they keep thinking that everyone noticed and is still thinking about it.
What concept best describes this?
  • Spotlight effect
  • False modesty
  • Self-serving bias
  • Downward comparison
3
What is the illusion of transparency?
  • The tendency to compare ourselves with others
  • The belief that we are better than other people
  • The tendency to hide our emotions from everyone
  • The belief that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others
4
What are self-schemas?
  • Mental templates used to organize our worlds
  • Our expectations about other people's behavior
  • Our opinions about social issues
  • The emotions we experience around other people
5
Mark thinks of himself as athletic. Because of this, he pays more attention to sports-related experiences and remembers them more easily. What concept is illustrated?
  • False modesty
  • Self-efficacy
  • Illusory optimism
  • Self-schema
6
A student starts working as a class representative. At first, they feel awkward and self-conscious. After several months, they begin to see being a leader as part of who they are. What does this illustrate?
  • Social comparison
  • Self-serving attribution
  • Impact bias
  • Role becoming part of the self
7
Evaluating one's abilities and opinions by comparing oneself with others is called:
  • Social comparison
  • Self-serving bias
  • Self-efficacy
  • Self-monitoring
8
Anna compares her grades with the student who always gets the highest score in class because she wants to improve. What type of comparison is this?
  • Downward comparison
  • Self-serving comparison
  • Internal comparison
  • Upward comparison
9
Which describes a downward comparison?
  • Comparing yourself with your past performance
  • Comparing yourself with someone who performs better
  • Comparing two different groups
  • Comparing yourself with someone whose troubles are more serious than your own
10
A student looks at social media and sees classmates posting vacations, achievements, and happy moments. The student begins to believe that everyone else's life is better than theirs. Which concept from the module is most relevant?
  • Social comparison
  • Self-efficacy
  • False modesty
  • Self-monitoring
11
What is the Looking-Glass Self?
  • Comparing ourselves with people who are more successful
  • Using how we think others perceive us as a mirror for perceiving ourselves
  • Changing our behavior depending on the situation
  • Seeing ourselves only through our own personal achievements
12
According to George Herbert Mead, what matters for our self-concepts is:
  • How successful we are
  • How others actually see us
  • How often we compare ourselves with others
  • The way we imagine others see us
13
Which describes an independent/autonomous self?
  • Defining identity mainly through group membership
  • Giving priority to group goals
  • Changing one's identity according to friends
  • Giving priority to one's own goals and personal attributes
14
Miguel makes an important career decision based mainly on what will benefit his extended family and places his family's goals above his own. Which concept does this best represent?
  • Self-serving bias
  • High self-monitoring
  • Autonomous self
  • Interdependent self
15
What do studies of affective forecasting suggest people have the greatest difficulty predicting?
  • The intensity and duration of their future emotions
  • Their current emotions
  • Their physical appearance
  • Other people's intelligence
16
A student believes failing one exam will make them unhappy for the entire semester. However, after a few days, they recover and continue normally. What concept explains their overestimation of the lasting emotional impact?
  • Social comparison
  • Spotlight effect
  • Impact bias
  • Self-monitoring
17
What is self-efficacy?
  • How much we value ourselves
  • How much others respect us
  • How competent and effective we feel at a task
  • How positively we view other people
18
Which statement correctly distinguishes self-efficacy from self-esteem?
  • Self-efficacy is self-worth, while self-esteem is task competence
  • Self-efficacy and self-esteem are exactly the same
  • Self-efficacy concerns competence and effectiveness, while self-esteem concerns self-worth
  • Self-efficacy concerns social comparison, while self-esteem concerns memory
19
A student receives a low grade and says, “I failed because the exam was unfair,” but when they get a high grade, they say, “I did well because I'm really smart.” What is this an example of?
  • Downward comparison
  • False modesty
  • Self-monitoring
  • Self-serving attribution
20
Carla behaves differently depending on who she is with. She changes the way she talks and acts to match what people expect from her. What concept best describes Carla?
  • Low self-monitor
  • High self-monitor
  • Self-handicapping
  • False modesty
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