Inferential Statistics Day 2

data that can assume any value within some continuum.

can be used when examining the relationships between variables that are continuous in nature

a type of inferential statistic that determines how much two or more variables fluctuate together

____________ are expressed in terms of strength, direction, and significance.

what does r=0 mean

what does r=1.0 mean

In relationship studies, r value is the _______________ as it expresses the strength of the relationship

r=0.1

r=0.3

r=0.5

a type of inferential statistic that determines how much two or more variables fluctuate together

is the proportion of one data set that accounts for the spread of numbers in a second data set.

examines the strength of the relationship between two continuous variables.

examines the strength of the relationship between two variables when one or both of the variables is rank-ordered.

all variables listed in the vertical left column are also listed across the top horizontal column to capture all relationships that exist between any two variables.

Studies to predict outcomes use _________________ that calculate the degree to which two or more variables predict a specific outcome

several variables (predictors) are entered into a regression equation to determine how well they predict an outcome of interest (criterion); the outcome variable is continuous.

Linear regression outcomes are often reported with

the standardized regression coefficient.

(coefficient of determination) is the amount of variance accounted for by a single predictor or a group of predictors.

occurs when two or more predictor variables are highly intercorrelated and means that each predictor provides only a small amount of unique variance.

The challenge of linear regression lies in choosing predictors: the amount of total variance accounted for shows ...

what are the relationship statistics for continuous data

is a statistical method for analyzing a dataset in which the outcome is measured with a dichotomous variable (only two possible outcomes).

logistic regression is used to determine the association between a predictor or a set of predictors and a dichotomous outcome that has already occurred.

Confidence intervals are frequently reported with _________________

odds ratio means x times more likely

are used to compare one group that has been exposed to a condition and one group that has not.

are appropriate for cohort studies in which the participants are followed over time, after which they are divided into two groups based on a specific outcome.

can be used in retrospective analyses in which the researcher uses existing data to look back on participants to determine if they progressed or declined over time.

the risk of developing a condition over a time period

A risk ratio tells you if your __________ is raised or lowered based on a predictor or factor.

report the likelihood of an event happening at a specific time point; however, most hazards ratios report multiple time points within a single study.

Hazards ratio often includes the presentation of data over time in the form of __________________ that illustrate the duration of time for two (or more) groups to reach an outcome.

are best applied to cross-sectional studies in which the event or outcome has already occurred.

individuals are followed over time, either prospectively or retrospectively, to determine whether an event or outcome occurs.

are unique in that they provide information about the rate of change over time.