better unit 1 study guide

an armed uprising in Western Massachusetts and Worcester in response to a debt crisis. this rebellion showed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, in which they were unable to stop an internal rebellion because they had no army.

money granted from the central government to state to establish minimum standards. in order to equalize resources among states, attack national problems, minimize growth of federal agencies

congress gives money for specific purposes, this has more strings attached with federal regulations

congress gives money for general programs, this has less strings attached with less federal restrictiions

Constitutional division of powers between the national government and states. they both get their power from the Constitution, not from each other

emphasizes broad participation in politics and civil society. can influence policy decisions but not make them

power distributed amongst many different common interest groups. they compete with each other for creating influence on political decision making

emphasizes limited participation in politics and civil society. small number of people who are wealthy and educated.

separates power between 3 branches of government (legislative, executive, judicial), which slows the pace of policy making

unoffical agreement shared by everyone in a society, in which they give up some of their individual freedoms for state protection

3 out of 5 slaves are counted for determining a state's total population for legislative representation and taxation (in the House of Reps). satisifed the North because the South has to pay more taxes, and the South is happy because they get more representatives in the House

members represent individual districts. based on a state's population, the lower chamber of Congress

each state has 2 senators regardless of population. each state has equal representation. the upper chamber of Congress

the blueprint for how the government is structured and how it operates. has 7 articles

the U.S. first frame of government. ratified in 1781

special interest groups that are contrary to the rights of other citizens, or good of whole community

written by James Madison and says that factions are the most dangerous thing in the U.S., and that a strong central gov't needs to control the effects of factions.

declared that Congress has implied powers and established supremacy of the U.S. Constitution and federal laws over states laws (elastic clause and supremacy clause)

or elastic clause. the words in this clause can be stretched (the meaning can be decided based on interpretation by the federal government)

Congress cannot use the commerce clause to make possession of a gun in a school zone a federal crime. federal gov't cannot have involvement in state matters

powers that are used by both the national government and the state governments (taxing, borrowing money, making laws, establishing court systems, establishing law enforcement agencies

anti-federalist. against the constitution because it won't meet all the needs of citizens because it is too far removed from the people. a confederaton of small republics is bettter, and Brutus discusses fearing the "necessary and proper clause" and the supremacy clause

the constitution and all laws that come from it are the supreme law of the land (article 6)

created bicameral congress with two legislative houses (Senate and House of Representatives)

states get an equal number of representatives in Congress (Senate)

states get a number of representatives in Congress based on their population (House of Representatives)

opposed the ratification of the Constitution and wanted a strong state government (a government closer to the people). want Bill of Rights to protect individual liberties

believe the elite are the most fit to govern. favored a strong central government

very weak central government (league of friendship). it had no national regulation of commerce, and only states had the power to tax. no executive or judicial. states can coin money and each have 1 vote. 9/13 states must vote to pass a law, and required unanimous vote to pass amendments

discussed in article 5, must be proposed by Congress by a 2/3 vote in both houses, and then ratified by state legislatures in 3/4 of the states (38 states) or proposed at a National Convention by Congress when requested by 2/3 vote (never done before)

written changes that are added to the Constitution (we have 27)