French Rev

The First Estate: ______

- 1% of the pop.
- 10% of land ownership
- 100,000 clerics
- Able to impose 3-5% tithe on the people
- Resented by many as the Enlightenment brings more secularization

The Second Esate: _______

- 2% of pop.
- 25% of land ownership
- 400,000 people
- 40% of nobles had "earned" their rove through civil service--included many privileges like tax exemption
- Wore distinctive clothing "culottes" or fine clothes
- Wanted to limit the growing bourgeoisie or "middle class." Especially Noble of Sword

Third Estate: _____________ ____

- most of the pop.
- 24 million people--wealthy merchants, artisans, peasants, serfs
- Owned 25% of the land
- Resented privileges & status of the aristocracy
- The "petty bourgeoisie" felt the pinch of stagnant wages and increased price of goods
- "San Culottes" or without fine clothes, they favored equality
- Nobles and bourgeoisie had wealth in common but not status

What were the 5 main politcal causes?

2 Intellectual causes

What were the 6 Economic causes of French Rev?

Third estate’s representatives formed this on June 17th, 1789. This was made up of the estates' general people from the third assembly, and were the revolutionaries.

Made on June 20th, 1789(3 days after the formation of the NA) after the third estates representatives were locked out of the estates general meeting. This oath stated for the NA, "not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established."

Took place in Paris on July 14, 1789. The revolutionaries attacked the Bastille prison expecting there to be many prisoners, but there were only 7. This was very important because it was seen as the first successful attack against the despotism of the government.

___ _____ ____ was something that happened after the peasant revolts, and it was that everyone thought that they would be attacked by foreign troops. This fear spread very quickly through France, and they thought that the foreigners would be aided by the French aristocrats. This aided the French Revolution because it made people trust the aristocracy less since they thought that they were scheming with other nations.

Destorys Feudalism to restablish order

August 26, 1789: __________ __ ___ ______ __ ___ ___ _______

- Expressed Enlightenment principles such as legal equality, freedom of religion, judical right, etc.
- Nobles hated it-- to people with privillege, equality feels like oppression
- This is essentially the French Declaration of Independece
- They weren't physically breaking away, but there were stating what they believed

- created the DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN AND THE FEMALE CITIZEN
- Inspired by Mary Wollstonecraft

What happends by October 1789?

November 1789: _____ _____________ __ ___ _______

- Required all priests to swear an oath of loyalty to the rev. Only 50% do it
- Bishops would be paid by the state and elected by the people. Number drops to 83
- Rev. confiscates land owned by the church and prints paper money (ASSIGNATS) based on the value of the land. Causes inflation
- Pope condemns the Revolution. No more power over French Clergy

What happens by the end of 1789? (3 things)

- New Legislative Assembly (lawmaking) with a monarch. King's power is only to delay legislation
- Active and Passive citizens--active citizens own property while those less well-to-do and women were passive citizens.
- Revolution rests in the hands of the wealthy bourgeoisie

This group of people were radicals who felt the revolution didn't go far enough

Several groups actively opposed the revolution and worked to slow it down.

May-June 1793: ____________ __ ____ is passed

- Universal Male suffrage
- The leaders of the Girodins are arrested and removed by the Paris Commune
- The mountain, under the leadership of MAXIMILEN ROBESPIERRE, come to dominate the convention.

September 1793: ___ __ ________ is decreed which allows the arrest and execution of ememies of the Revolution

1793-1794: France ruled by the radicals, the _________ __ ______ ______.

The Committee was a 12-member body elected each month by the national convention to steer Frnace through the Reign of Terror.

Spring 1793: Established the ________ __ ______ where the republican order would be accompanied by price controls, "de-Christianization", and a new calendar.

He was an ambitious lawyer who gained notoriety with his calls for suffrage, abolition of death penalty, and slavery in the colonies.

Obsessed with creating a new political culture in France, he argues that virtue is possible even with terror.

Most historians afree that ___________ was earnest in his beliefs, though they disagree with his actions

All French citizens had to contribute to the war effort. Army grew to over a million men.

Convention abandoned free market policies and established maximum prices for key commodities and punished those who broke the law. Inflation grew and law hard to enforce.

A massive salve revolt led to independence in 1804.

Part of the de-Chirsitanization campaign. Devised a new calendar with months and days remaned after weath conditions and agricultural products. Months are 30 days with 1 day of rest in 10, rather than 7

More of the capaign ro remove all religion--eliminated saints in street names and Notre Dame became the TEMPLE OF REASON. Robespierre wanted a "deistic civic religion."

Promoted the use of the Metric system. This was actually a trend from the earlier and more moderate phase.

France turned things around militarily, and instead of avoiding war, they invaded the Netherlands in June 1794.

July is the month of _________ (new name)

- Violence slowed as the terror subsided
- Extreme policies were reversed
- Jacob clubs were closed

A _________ of five is appointed as the executive body.

- Divisions remain and plagued this weak group.
- _________ leans on the military to keep their power.
- One military leader rose up to lead a coup in 1799. That man is... Napoleon