1Describe the basic functions of joints
1. Permit movement
2. Provide Stability
3. Allow long bones to lengthen
2Classification of Joints
1. Synarthrosis
2. Amphiarthrosis
3. Diarthrosis
3Synarthrosis
Immovable joints (no movement) (Ex. Sutures of skull)
4Amphiarthrosis
Slightly movable joints (some movement) (Ex. Pubic Symphysis)
5Diarthrosis
Freely moveable (synovial joint) (Ex, Shoulders & Hips)
6Describe the composition and functions of synovial fluid
1. Lubrication to reduce friction during movement
2. Metabolic Functions: supplies nutrients to cells in joint cavity and removes waste from them as well
3. Shock absorption during movement
7Agonist (prime mover)
Muscle that provides most of the force required for moevment
8Antagonist
Resists and slows the Agonist (prime mover)
9Synergist
Assists the Agonist (prime mover) to move the muscle in the same direction
10Fixator
Holds the bone in place; secures the bones; makes movement impossible
11Origin
Fixed/immovable ends of a muscle
12Insertion
Movable ends of a muscle; usually attached to the bone that moves
13Orbicluaris oculi
Closes eye
14Obicularis oris
Closes and protrudes lips
15Masseter
Elevates the mandible
16Sternocleiomastioid
Working together flex the neck
17Rectus abdominus
Flexes trunk
18External oblique
Laterally flexes trunk
19Levator Scapulae
Elevates scapula
20Diaphragm
Muscle responsible for inspiration
21Trapezius
Retracts and depresses scapula
22Serratus anterior
Protracts the scapula
23Pectoralis major
Adducts and extends the arm
24Latissimus dorsi
Flexes and adducts the arm
25Deltoid
Abducts the arm
26Biceps brachii
Supinates and flexes the forearm
27Triceps brachii
Extends the forearm
28Pronator teres
Pronates the forearm
29Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexes hand
30Extensor digitorum
Extends fingers
31Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexes fingers
32Extensor carpi radialis
Extends hand
33Adductor magnus
Adducts the thigh
34Rectus femoris
Extends the leg
35Gluteus maximus
Extends the thigh
36Biceps femoris
Flexes the leg
37Gastrocnemius
Plantarflexes the foot
38Tibialis anterior
Dorsiflexes the foot
39Sketch and label parts of the neuromuscular junction. In your drawing, include the following: muscle cell, motor neuron, synaptic cleft, axon terminal, motor endplate, sarcolemma, synaptic vesicles, acetylcholine (Ach), and Ach receptors.
See Notes
40Three types of muscle contractions
1. Isotonic Concentric Contraction
2. Isotonic Eccentric Contraction
3. Isometric Contraction
41Isotonic Concentric Contraction
Muscle shortens and moves the load (Ex, Picking something up)
42Isotonic Eccentric Contraction
Muscle Lengthens and produces tension (Ex. Holding something heavy)
43Isometric Contraction
Muscle develops tension but doesn't change length (Ex. Pushing against a wall)