Exam 3: Part 2 Review
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1
Describe the basic functions of joints
1. Permit movement
2. Provide Stability
3. Allow long bones to lengthen
2. Provide Stability
3. Allow long bones to lengthen
2
Classification of Joints
1. Synarthrosis
2. Amphiarthrosis
3. Diarthrosis
2. Amphiarthrosis
3. Diarthrosis
3
Synarthrosis
Immovable joints (no movement) (Ex. Sutures of skull)
4
Amphiarthrosis
Slightly movable joints (some movement) (Ex. Pubic Symphysis)
5
Diarthrosis
Freely moveable (synovial joint) (Ex, Shoulders & Hips)
6
Describe the composition and functions of synovial fluid
1. Lubrication to reduce friction during movement
2. Metabolic Functions: supplies nutrients to cells in joint cavity and removes waste from them as well
3. Shock absorption during movement
2. Metabolic Functions: supplies nutrients to cells in joint cavity and removes waste from them as well
3. Shock absorption during movement
7
Agonist (prime mover)
Muscle that provides most of the force required for moevment
8
Antagonist
Resists and slows the Agonist (prime mover)
9
Synergist
Assists the Agonist (prime mover) to move the muscle in the same direction
10
Fixator
Holds the bone in place; secures the bones; makes movement impossible
11
Origin
Fixed/immovable ends of a muscle
12
Insertion
Movable ends of a muscle; usually attached to the bone that moves
13
Orbicluaris oculi
Closes eye
14
Obicularis oris
Closes and protrudes lips
15
Masseter
Elevates the mandible
16
Sternocleiomastioid
Working together flex the neck
17
Rectus abdominus
Flexes trunk
18
External oblique
Laterally flexes trunk
19
Levator Scapulae
Elevates scapula
20
Diaphragm
Muscle responsible for inspiration
21
Trapezius
Retracts and depresses scapula
22
Serratus anterior
Protracts the scapula
23
Pectoralis major
Adducts and extends the arm
24
Latissimus dorsi
Flexes and adducts the arm
25
Deltoid
Abducts the arm
26
Biceps brachii
Supinates and flexes the forearm
27
Triceps brachii
Extends the forearm
28
Pronator teres
Pronates the forearm
29
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexes hand
30
Extensor digitorum
Extends fingers
31
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexes fingers
32
Extensor carpi radialis
Extends hand
33
Adductor magnus
Adducts the thigh
34
Rectus femoris
Extends the leg
35
Gluteus maximus
Extends the thigh
36
Biceps femoris
Flexes the leg
37
Gastrocnemius
Plantarflexes the foot
38
Tibialis anterior
Dorsiflexes the foot
39
Sketch and label parts of the neuromuscular junction. In your drawing, include the following: muscle cell, motor neuron, synaptic cleft, axon terminal, motor endplate, sarcolemma, synaptic vesicles, acetylcholine (Ach), and Ach receptors.
See Notes
40
Three types of muscle contractions
1. Isotonic Concentric Contraction
2. Isotonic Eccentric Contraction
3. Isometric Contraction
2. Isotonic Eccentric Contraction
3. Isometric Contraction
41
Isotonic Concentric Contraction
Muscle shortens and moves the load (Ex, Picking something up)
42
Isotonic Eccentric Contraction
Muscle Lengthens and produces tension (Ex. Holding something heavy)
43
Isometric Contraction
Muscle develops tension but doesn't change length (Ex. Pushing against a wall)
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