LING 20 Ch. 1

Roughly 1k

No

Actions made between humans to communicate with capacity for detail and depth.

Actions made with the resonance cavity that come out of the mouth. The smallest and most basic unit of spoken language.

Sounds put together given meaning, aka signs.

Randomly predicted signs given meaning.

Signs that resemble the concept they are associated with.

Signs placed together given meaning that can be comprehended.

Longer phrases placed together given meaning.

Discreteness, duality, displacement, recursion, productivity

Sound segments

The fact that you need combined sounds to give a word meaning

The ability to communicate things that are not in the present

The ability to have creativity in sentence creation by swapping phrases in and out of the same sentence structure

Creativity in sentence sequences

What we know, our unconscious knowledge

The actual application and performance of linguistic knowledge because of memory, distractions, etc.

When two languages can understand each other, they are the same language and are mutually intelligible

Borders and nationality

Speaking, signing, and writing

Sounds, words, and phrases

No utensils required except for shared air space & the human voice

Eyes, gestures, and facial expressions required

Words, phrases, and sentences, including intonation and stress

The senses and referents of the elements of expression

To link meaning and expression

Expression, meaning, and context

The social situation in which expression is uttered and includes whatever has been expressed earlier in that situation and
any shared knowledge between speaker and hearer

Grammar

Context

Unpredictable and random correlation between a word and its meaning

Direct correlation between a word and its meaning

Show a non-arbitrary relationship between sound and meaning

Partly iconic