1rod-shaped, aerobic bacteria that do not form spores
mycobacteria
2has a distinctive cell wall that allows acid fast staining, has drug resistance and pathogenicity. Has a waxy, water-resistant layer
mycobacteria
3used to identify mycobacterium species and some species of nocardia
acid-fast stain
4once stained with carbolfuchsin and treated with acid-alcohol, remain pink or red because they retain carbolfuchsin stain
acid fast bacteria
5when stained and treated the same way and stained with methylene blue, appear blue because they lose the carbolfuchsin stain and are then able to accept the methylene blue stain
non-acid fast bacteria
6typical mycobacteria
mycobacterium tuberculosis
mycobacterium leprae
7also known as koch's bacillus, despite being preventable and curabledisease, 1.5 million people die from it each year - making it the world's top infectious killer
mycobacterium tuberculosis
8mode of transmission of mycobacterium tuberculosis
person to person by coughing
other activities that cause the organism to be aerosolized
9manifestation of mycobacterium tuberculosis
weight loss, fatigue, productive cough, fever, night sweats, hemoptysis
10happens when patients already have large cavitary lesions in the lungs
hemoptsis
11manifestations of primary tuberculosis
asymptomatic (90-95% cases)
mild flu-like illness
rarely pleural effusion
12manifestations of reactivation tuberculosis
fever, chills, night sweats, fatigue, appetite loss, weigh loss, pleuritic chest pain, dry cough, prolonged cough producing purulent sputum, hemoptysis - suggesting advanced tb
crecipitations during lung auscultation
13TB disease that occurs in places other than the lungs, such as the brain, kidney, or the lymph nodes
extrapulmonary tuberculosis
14treatment for mycobacterium tuberculosis
rifampin, ethambutol, streptomycin, pyrazinamide, isoniazid for 2 months, followed by isoniazid and rifampin for 4 motnhs
15other term for mycobacterium leprae
leprosys, hansen's disease
16it attachs the skin, nerve endings. Can be seen in a oakisade arrangement
mycobacterium leprae
17only bacteria that infects PNS
mycobacterium leprae
18types of mycobacterium leprae
tuberculoid
lepromatous
19cause mascular lesions with loss of sensation. Postive on lepromin test
tubeculoid
20has leonine appearance, disfiguring types. Negative on lepromine test
lepromatous
21treatment for mycobacterium leprae
dapsone
clofazimin
rifampicin
22vaccine that is found to be somewhat protective against leprosy
bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG)
23atypicap bacteria
mycobacterium avium complex
mycobacterium kansasii
mycobacterium scrofulaceum
mycobacterium marnum
mycobacterium ulcernans
mycobacterium bovis
24three species of mycobacterium avium complex
mycobacterium avium
mycobacterium chimaera
mycobacterium disseminated
25clinical manifestation of mycobacterium avium complex
disseminated in immunocompromised patients
may also cause lymphadenitis
26MOT of mycobacterium avium complex
inhalation
27treatment for pulmonary disseminated MAC infections:
macrolide
28treatment for more severe cases of MAC
IV aminoglycoside
29a photochromagen that has tap water as the major environmental reservoir
mycobacterium kansasii
30clinical manifestation of mycobacterium kansasii
TB-like disease
extrapulmonary infections including lymphadenitis, skin and soft tissue infection, pericarditis
31treatment for disease caused by mycobacterium kansasii
rifampicin
combination of rifampicin, ethambutol, and isoniazid