1What are the 3 principles of cell theory?
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
2What are the 12 functions that a cell must be able to perform to survive?
Ingestion -
Digestion- The breakdown of absorbed substances
Respiration- The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy
Transport - The locomotion of a cell from one point to another OR The locomotion of things within a cell
Homeostasis - Maintaining the status quo
Synthesis -
Secretion- The release of biosynthesized substances.
Excretion- The removal of soluble waste materials.
Irritability- The ability to sense and respond to changes in its surroundings
Locomotion -
Reproduction - Producing more cells
3What do biologists mean when they say a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Eukaryotes are complex cells or organisms that have a clearly defined nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane—for example, animal cells, plant cells, and fungi. Prokaryotes are simple structures, with only one cell and lack membrane-bound structures--for example, bacteria and archaea.
4What is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and what is the function of the RER in the cell?
The ribosomes on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum make it rough. The purpose of the rough ER is protein synthesis.
5What organelle is often referred as the “powerhouse” of the cell? (BONUS +5 POINTS: Name the process that occurs within this organelle).
Mitochondria. Bonus: Cellular respiration
6You see a patient in your family medicine practice who tells you they are “lactose intolerant.” What organelle is responsible for this condition?
Lysosomes not producing enough lactase to digest the milk proteins.
7What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plants?
The chloroplast
8Be able to locate these structures in a diagram.
Carbohydrate, Cholesterol, Channel protein, and phospholipid (including the hydrophyllic head and the hydrophobic tails)