skill characteristics

definition- the learned ability to bring about predetermined results with minimum use of time, energy or both. characteristics- aesthetic, consistent, efficient, fluent,accurate,controlled,economic

open- skill performed in an unpredictable environment. closed -in a predictable environment

Gross- use a large range of muscle groups. Fine use smaller muscle groups

self paced- performer controlls start and speed of skill. Externally paced- performer has no control over the start and pace of the skill

Discrete- clear begining and end. Serial - several discrete skills put together. Continuous - no clear begining and end

low organised - a skill that is easily broken down into subroutines. High organised - a skill not easily broken down into subroutines

Simple- skill that requires little decision making when being performed. complex - skill that requires decisions making using lots of information when being performed

effect of learning and performance of one skill on the learning and performance of another

when the learning of one skill aids the learning of another

when the knowledge of one skill hinders the learning of another

when the learning of one skill has no impact on the learning of another

when the learning of one sill transfersfrom one limb to another

- make training realistic. -ensure the original skill is well learned. - use rewards and reinforcment

practicing a skill in its entirity

advantages- . helps create mental images .realistic .makes skill consisten .

Disadvantages -.may put unnecessary strain on performer .Fatigue

practicing a skill as a whole then breaking it into subroutines and practicing them. finally practicing the skill as a whole again

Advantages- .motivation .immediate feedback .corrects errors .makes skill fluent.

Disadvantages - .danger of negative transfer .time consuming.

practicing the first part then gradually adding parts on

Advantages - .can focus on one aspect .correct specific weakness .reduce fatigue .restore motivation .build confidence.

Disadvantages - time consuming .danger of negatine transfer .may require rest breaks

no rest intervals

Advantages - premotes fitness .no breaks so skill becomes automatic .motor programmes are developed .time effective.

Disadvantages - .premote fatigue .danger of negative transfer unless simular to real game .Demanding

rest intivals

Advantages -> -takes pressure off of performer .-good for beginners as it allows controlled progress .-could use mental practice in rest breaks .-may offer motivation/praise during rest .-safe.

Disadvantages- .time consuming. not good for experts. danger of negative transfer

Changing the practice type and practice drill

Advantages- .Allows performers to adapt skill to changing environment .variety avoids boredom and adds fun .increases motivation .helps to build subroutines .develops schemas.

Disadvantages- .time consuming .risk of negative transfer .may place unnecessary demands on player if given too much to focus on . fatigue

Going over a skill in the mind without movement

-improves confidence. -lowers anxiety. -stimulates muscle receptors. -can be done while injured. -can be internal or external. -Maintains memory

Beginners- short and key parts emphasised. expert - technique established. Tactics and strategies highlighted. Advanced- improved reaction time and activates muscle