1What triggers an immune response?
Foreign antigens
2What do phagocytes engulf?
Pathogens
3What is a phagocyte?
White blood cell
4What do phagocytes form around pathogen?
Phagocytic vacuole**
5What breaks down pathogens in phagocytosis?
Lysosomes
6What do phagocytes present on their surface?
Antigens
7What do phagocytes activate?
T-cells
8What are T-cells?
A type of white blood cell
9What do T-cells bind to?
Antigen on phagocyte
10What do T-helper cells activate?
B-cells
11What do cytotoxic T-cells do?
Kill abnormal cells
12What are B-cells?
A type of white blood cell
13What do B-cells have on their surface?
Antibodies
14What happens when B-cells bind antigens?
Activated by T-helper cells
15What is clonal selection?
B-cell activation by antigens
16What do B-cells divide into?
Plasma cells
17What do plasma cells secrete?
Antibodies
18What do antibodies bind to?
Specific antigens
19What do antibodies form?
Antigen-antibody complex**
20How many binding sites do antibodies have?
Two
21What do antibodies do to pathogens?
Agglutinate them
22What is the primary immune response?
Response to first exposure
23What happens during the primary response?
Slow production of antibodies
24Why is the primary response slow?
Few B-cells available
25What is produced after the primary response?
Memory cells
26What is the secondary immune response?
Response to second exposure
27Why is the secondary response faster?
Memory cells recognize antigen
28What do memory B-cells do?
Produce plasma cells
29What do memory T-cells do?
Recognize the same antigen
30How does the secondary response prevent symptoms?
Antibodies produced faster
31What are antigens?
Foreign molecules causing immune response
32What does the humoral response involve?
B-cells and antibodies
33What does the cellular response involve?
T-cells