Flashcard decks

kidneys

62 flashcardsby Logan
Study these flashcardsFree · spaced repetition · iPhone, Android, Mac & web

All cards

1
Where does selective reabsorption take place?
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
2
Which parts of the nephron reabsorb filtrate?
PCT, loop of Henle, DCT
3
What does DCT stand for?
Distal convoluted tubule
4
What substances leave nephron tubules?
Useful substances
5
Where are nephron tubules located?
Capillary network
6
What feature increases surface area in PCT?
Microvilli
7
Why do microvilli increase surface area?
For reabsorption
8
What is glucose reabsorbed by?
Active transport and facilitated diffusion
9
How is water reabsorbed?
Osmosis
10
Why does water move by osmosis?
Water potential difference
11
Where is water potential higher?
Filtrate (nephron tubules)
12
Where is water potential lower?
Blood (capillaries)
13
Where does reabsorption occur in nephron?
PCT, loop of Henle, DCT
14
What happens to the remaining filtrate?
Forms urine
15
Where does urine pass to?
Ureter
16
Where does the ureter lead?
Bladder
17
What is urine made of?
Water and dissolved salts
18
What waste product is in urine?
Urea
19
What other substances are in urine?
Hormones and vitamins
20
What doesn’t urine contain?
Proteins and blood cells
21
Why aren’t proteins in urine?
Too big to be filtered
22
Why isn’t glucose in urine?
Reabsorbed into the blood
23
What is one main function of the kidneys?
Excrete waste products
24
What waste product do kidneys excrete?
Urea
25
What do kidneys regulate in the blood?
Water potential
26
Where are capillaries located in the kidneys?
Cortex
27
What process filters substances out of blood?
Ultrafiltration
28
What is reabsorbed into the blood?
Useful substances
29
What is the process of reabsorbing useful substances called?
Selective reabsorption
30
What happens to unwanted substances?
Excreted as urine
31
Where does blood enter in the kidneys?
Renal artery
32
Where does blood filtration occur?
Nephrons
33
How many nephrons are in each kidney?
One million
34
Where do arterioles lead to in kidneys?
Cortex
35
What does each arteriole split into?
Glomerulus
36
What surrounds the glomerulus?
Bowman’s capsule
37
What is the glomerulus made of?
Capillaries
38
Where does ultrafiltration take place?
Bowman’s capsule
39
What carries blood away from the glomerulus?
Efferent arteriole
40
How does the efferent arteriole compare in diameter?
Smaller
41
Why is blood in the glomerulus under pressure?
Smaller efferent arteriole
42
What forces liquid out of the capillaries?
High pressure
43
Where do liquid and small molecules go?
Bowman’s capsule
44
What can pass through to Bowman’s capsule?
Small molecules
45
What are the three layers molecules pass through?
Capillary wall, basement membrane, epithelium
46
What can’t pass through to Bowman’s capsule?
Proteins and blood cells
47
What is the fluid in the capsule called?
Glomerular filtrate
48
Where does the glomerular filtrate go next?
Nephron tubules
49
What happens to useful substances in the tubules?
Reabsorbed
50
Where does the filtrate finally go?
Collecting duct
51
Where does urine flow to from the kidney?
Ureter
52
What structure carries filtered blood out of the kidney?
Renal vein
53
What part of the kidney contains the glomerulus?
Cortex
54
What is the lower part of the kidney called?
Medulla
55
What does the collecting duct do?
Passes filtrate to ureter
56
What is the function of the loop of Henle?
Reabsorb water
57
What does the proximal convoluted tubule do?
Reabsorb substances
58
What does the distal convoluted tubule connect to?
Collecting duct
59
What part of the nephron is responsible for ultrafiltration?
Glomerulus
60
What surrounds the nephron tubules?
Capillaries
61
Where does the filtered blood travel after the nephron?
Renal vein
62
What is the end product of kidney filtration?
Urine
Study all 62 cards for free