1What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from high to low concentration.
2What powers diffusion?
The kinetic energy of particles.
3What molecules diffuse through the membrane?
Small, non-polar molecules like oxygen.
4What is simple diffusion?
Diffusion directly through the membrane.
5What dissolves in the hydrophobic bilayer?
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and lipids.
6What affects diffusion rate?
Concentration gradient, surface area, and thickness.
7How does a steep gradient affect diffusion?
It makes diffusion faster.
8How does thickness affect diffusion?
Thinner surfaces speed up diffusion.
9How does surface area affect diffusion?
Larger surface areas increase diffusion.
10What is facilitated diffusion?
Diffusion through proteins in the membrane.
11Does facilitated diffusion need energy?
No, it’s passive.
12How do carrier proteins work?
They move molecules by changing shape.
13What do channel proteins do?
They form pores for charged particles.
14What affects facilitated diffusion rate?
Gradient and protein number.
15What are aquaporins?
Proteins that speed up water diffusion.
16How do aquaporins help humans?
They help kidneys reabsorb water.
17What does diffusion depend on?
Gradient, surface area, and thickness.
18How do microvilli help diffusion?
They increase surface area.
19Why do large molecules need help?
They are too big to pass through.
20Why do charged particles need help?
They can’t pass the hydrophobic bilayer.
21What is the gradient in diffusion?
The concentration difference.
22What do protein channels do?
They help specific molecules cross.
23What happens as equilibrium is reached?
Diffusion slows down.