Exchange across cell membranes
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1
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from high to low concentration.
2
What powers diffusion?
The kinetic energy of particles.
3
What molecules diffuse through the membrane?
Small, non-polar molecules like oxygen.
4
What is simple diffusion?
Diffusion directly through the membrane.
5
What dissolves in the hydrophobic bilayer?
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and lipids.
6
What affects diffusion rate?
Concentration gradient, surface area, and thickness.
7
How does a steep gradient affect diffusion?
It makes diffusion faster.
8
How does thickness affect diffusion?
Thinner surfaces speed up diffusion.
9
How does surface area affect diffusion?
Larger surface areas increase diffusion.
10
What is facilitated diffusion?
Diffusion through proteins in the membrane.
11
Does facilitated diffusion need energy?
No, it’s passive.
12
How do carrier proteins work?
They move molecules by changing shape.
13
What do channel proteins do?
They form pores for charged particles.
14
What affects facilitated diffusion rate?
Gradient and protein number.
15
What are aquaporins?
Proteins that speed up water diffusion.
16
How do aquaporins help humans?
They help kidneys reabsorb water.
17
What does diffusion depend on?
Gradient, surface area, and thickness.
18
How do microvilli help diffusion?
They increase surface area.
19
Why do large molecules need help?
They are too big to pass through.
20
Why do charged particles need help?
They can’t pass the hydrophobic bilayer.
21
What is the gradient in diffusion?
The concentration difference.
22
What do protein channels do?
They help specific molecules cross.
23
What happens as equilibrium is reached?
Diffusion slows down.
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