1What causes variation?
Genes, environment, or both
2What does genetic variation depend on?
Differences in alleles or mutations
3How can environmental factors affect traits?
By influencing growth or behavior
4Why study variation in samples?
To generalize for a population
5What must a population sample include?
A wide range of individuals
6Why should samples be random?
To avoid biased results
7What is the formula for mean?
Sum of values ÷ number of values
8What does mean represent?
Average value in a sample
9What does standard deviation show?
Variation within a single sample
10What does a small standard deviation mean?
Values are close to the mean
11What does a large standard deviation mean?
Values are spread out
12What are error bars?
Graphical representation of data variation
13What does longer error bar indicate?
Greater variation in data