1DNA and RNA are both types of what?
nucleic acid
2What is the main function of RNA?
to transfer genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
3What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
4What does RNA stand for?
ribonucleic acid
5What are the building blocks of DNA and RNA?
nucleotides
6What is the pentose sugar in DNA called?
deoxyribose
7What are the four possible bases in DNA?
adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), guanine (G)
8What sugar does RNA contain?
ribose
9What base replaces thymine in RNA?
uracil (U)
10What is a polynucleotide?
a polymer of nucleotides
11How do nucleotides join together?
via a condensation reaction forming a phosphodiester bond
12What is known as the sugar-phosphate backbone?
the chain of sugars and phosphates in DNA and RNA
13How many polynucleotide chains does DNA have?
two
14What type of bonding occurs between the bases of DNA?
hydrogen bonding
15Which bases pair together in DNA?
adenine with thymine (A-T) and cytosine with guanine (C-G)
16How many hydrogen bonds form between A and T?
two
17How many hydrogen bonds form between C and G?
three
18What is the structure of DNA?
a double helix
19When was DNA first observed?
in the 1800s
20Who determined the double-helix structure of DNA?
Watson and Crick
21How does RNA differ from DNA in terms of structure?
RNA is made from a single polynucleotide chain and is shorter than most DNA polynucleotides.