DNA and RNA
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1
DNA and RNA are both types of what?
nucleic acid
2
What is the main function of RNA?
to transfer genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
3
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
4
What does RNA stand for?
ribonucleic acid
5
What are the building blocks of DNA and RNA?
nucleotides
6
What is the pentose sugar in DNA called?
deoxyribose
7
What are the four possible bases in DNA?
adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), guanine (G)
8
What sugar does RNA contain?
ribose
9
What base replaces thymine in RNA?
uracil (U)
10
What is a polynucleotide?
a polymer of nucleotides
11
How do nucleotides join together?
via a condensation reaction forming a phosphodiester bond
12
What is known as the sugar-phosphate backbone?
the chain of sugars and phosphates in DNA and RNA
13
How many polynucleotide chains does DNA have?
two
14
What type of bonding occurs between the bases of DNA?
hydrogen bonding
15
Which bases pair together in DNA?
adenine with thymine (A-T) and cytosine with guanine (C-G)
16
How many hydrogen bonds form between A and T?
two
17
How many hydrogen bonds form between C and G?
three
18
What is the structure of DNA?
a double helix
19
When was DNA first observed?
in the 1800s
20
Who determined the double-helix structure of DNA?
Watson and Crick
21
How does RNA differ from DNA in terms of structure?
RNA is made from a single polynucleotide chain and is shorter than most DNA polynucleotides.
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