Urinalysis: Chemical Examination

Glucose: Double sequential enzyme reaction, Green to brown (KI chromogen, Bilirubin: Diazo reaction, Tan or pink to violet.

Ketones: Sodium nitroprusside reaction, Purple.

Specific gravity: pKa change of polyelectrolyte, Blue (1.000) to yellow (1.030).

Leukocytes: Leukocyte esterase, Purple.

Protein: Protein error of indicators, Blue-green, pH: Double indicator system, Orange (pH 5.0) to blue (pH 9.0), Blood: Pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin, Uniform greenlue (Hgb/Mb), Speckled/spotted (intact RBCs), Urobilinogen: Ehrlich reaction, Red, Nitrite: Greiss reaction, Uniform pink.

Dip the reagent strip briefly (no longer than 1 second) into a well-mixed uncentrifuged urine specimen at room temperature, remove excess urine by touching the edge of the strip to the container as it is withdrawn, blot the edge of the strip on a disposable absorbent pad, wait the specified amount of time for the reaction to occur, and compare the color reaction of the strip pads to the manufacturer's color chart in good lighting.

Reflectance Photometry.

Light reflection from the test pads decreases in proportion to the intensity of color produced by the concentration of the test substance; the darker the color of the reagent pad, the lesser the light reflection (and vice versa)

A measure of the amount of dissolved substances in a solution, comparing the density of a solution with the density of an equal volume of distilled water at a similar temperature (influenced by both the number and size of particles in a solution).

Not a urine specimen (except in Diabetes Insipidus). Note: 1.001 represents pure water.

Radiographic dye is present in the specimen.

Fixed Specific Gravity equal to 1.010.

Specific Gravity <1.010.

Specific Gravity >1.010.

20 degree celsius

-0.001 for every 3 degree celsius that the specimen temperature is below the calibration temperature, and add 0.001 for every 3 degree celsius that the specimen temperature is above the calibration temperature.

-0.004 for every 1 g/dL of Glucose present, and -0.003 for every 1 g/dL of Protein present.

10 to 15 mL.

Uses Potassium sulfate (K_2SO_4) solution (20.29 g K_2SO_4 to 1 LH_2O), with an expected S.G. reading of 1.015.

Pour an adequate amount of urine into a proper-sized container, add the urinometer with a spinning motion, and take the scale reading at the bottom of the urine meniscus.