13 Functions of Muscular System
1. Movement
2. Posture
3. Heat production
2- Attached to the skeleton
Skeletal Muscle
3- Controlled by voluntary nervous system via somatic motor nerves in spinal and in some cranial nerves
Skeletal Muscle
4Skeletal Muscle is controlled by via in (2)
Skeletal Muscle is controlled by voluntary nervous system via somatic motor nerves in (2)spinal and some cranial nerves
5• Controlled by autonomic nervous system via autonomic motor neuron in autonomic, spinal, and some cranial nerves
Smooth Muscle & Cardiac Muscle
6Smooth & Cardiac Muscle is controlled by via in (3)
Smooth & Cardiac Muscle is controlled by autonomic nervous system via autonomic motor neuron in (3)autonomic, spinal, and some cranial nerves
7The skeletal muscle is typically - shaped and composed of referred to as
The skeletal muscle is typically spindle - shaped and composed of long muscle cells referred to as muscle fibers
8muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue called
muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue called facia
9Each muscle contains several or
Each muscle contains several muscle bundle or fasciculi
10muscle bundle is also called
muscle bundle is also called fasciculi
11Richly supplied with
Richly supplied with blood vessels
12The blood vessels to and from the muscle
The blood vessels provide nutrients to and remove the waste from the muscle
13> Muscle Fiber Contraction
→ →
> Muscle Fiber Contraction
Muscle → Muscle Fiber → Sarcomere
14contractile unit of the muscle
Sarcomere
153 Steps of Muscle Fiber Contraction
a. Electrical energy transmitted along transverse tubules
b. Calcium ion released inactivates troponin which normally blocks interaction between myosin and actin
c. ATP released caused actin to slide along myosin filaments (contraction)
161st step in Muscle Fiber Contraction
a. Electrical energy transmitted along transverse tubules
172nd step in Muscle Fiber Contraction
a. Calcium ion released inactivates troponin which normally blocks interaction between myosin and actin
183rd step in Muscle Fiber Contraction
c. ATP released caused actin to slide along myosin filaments (contraction)
19bends a part towards another
Flexor
20Example of Flexor
Biceps brachii
21straightens a part
Extensor
22Example of Extensor
Triceps brachii
23draws a part towards the median line
Adductor
24Example of Adductor
Pectoralis major, Adductor longus
25draws a part away from the median line
Abductor
26Example of Abductor
Deltoid, Supraspinatus
28Example of Levator
Levator Scapulae
30Example of Depressor
Trapezius, Serratus anterior
31closes an opening
Constrictor
32Example of Constrictor
Sphincter pupillae
33regulates the intensity of light entering the eye, check if alive
Pupillary reflex
34works against a constrictor
Dilator
35Example of Dilator
Dilator pupillae
36bends back of hand forward
Pronator
37Example of Pronator
Pronator teres, Pronator quadratus
38bends the palm forward
Supinator
39Example of Supinator
Supinator muscle
414 Muscles of the Rotator Cuff
- Subscapularis
- Teres minor
- Infraspinatus
- Supraspinatus
42Skeletal muscle always act in .
Skeletal muscle always act in groups.
43physical enlargement of a muscle due to addition of more myofibrils to the muscle fibers making them swell.
Hypertrophy
44reduction in size of a muscle due to the decrease in the number of myofibrils in the muscle fibers.
Atrophy
45a.k.a. Staircase Phenomenon
Treppe
46when a muscle has contracted a few times, subsequent contractions are more powerful.
Treppe
47Treppe may be related to the release of increased quantities of .
Treppe may be related to the release of increased quantities of Calcium ions.
48rapid, repetitive, involuntary, skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by hypothalamic temperature-regulating center
Shivering
49caused by sustained muscle contraction
Cramps
50strong association of actin and myosin after death due to ATP depletion
Rigor Mortis
51the body enters rigor state about after death and comes out of rigor about later
the body enters rigor state about hours after death and comes out of rigor about 24 hours later
52Bursae - Small sacs lined with and contain
Bursae - Small sacs lined with sinusoid membrane and contain synovial fluid
53Bursae is located whenever is exerted over like between , ,
Bursae is located whenever pressure is exerted over moving parts like between skin and bone, tendons and bone, muscle or ligaments and bones
54Acts as cushion relieving pressure between moving parts.
Bursae