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Analysis of Urine & Other Body Fluids

32 flashcardsby JE
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1
CDC stands for?
CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
2
CLSI stands for?
CLINICAL LABORATORY STANDARDS INSTITUTE
3
OSHA stands for?
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION
4
HICPAC
HEALTHCARE INFECTION CONTROL PRACTICES ADVISORY COMMITTEE
5
What are the types of Safety Hazards?
- BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
- SHARPS HAZARDS
- CHEMICAL HAZARDS
- RADIOACTIVE HAZARDS
- ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
- FIRE/ EXPLOSIVE HAZARDS
- PHYSICAL HAZARDS
6
Which type of safety hazard involves infectious agents and may lead to bacterial, fungal, viral, or parasitic infections?
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
7
Which type of safety hazard involves needles, lancets, and broken glass that may lead to cuts, punctures, or exposure to bloodborne pathogens?
SHARPS HAZARDS
8
Which type of safety hazard involves preservatives and reagents that could lead to exposure to toxic, carcinogenic, or caustic agents?
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
9
Which type of safety hazard involves equipment and radioisotopes that could lead to exposure to radiation ?
RADIOACTIVE HAZARDS
10
Which type of safety hazard involves ungrounded or wet equipment; frayed cords that can cause burns or shock?
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
11
Which type of safety hazard involves open flame, and organic chemicals and may cause burns or dismemberment?
FIRE / EXPLOSIVE HAZARD
12
Which type of safety hazard involves Wet floors, heavy boxes, and patients that could lead to falls, sprains, or strains?
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
13
What is the general term used to describe potential sources of harm such as infectious agents, sharp objects, chemicals, or electrical equipment in the laboratory?
SAFETY HAZARDS
14
What process describes the continuous link between an infectious agent, a reservoir, a portal of exit, a mode of transmission, a portal of entry, and a susceptible host?
CHAIN OF INFECTION
15
What is the term for the procedures developed by health-care facilities to monitor and prevent the spread of infections within their environment?
INFECTION CONTROL
16
What are the 6 Components of the chain of infections?
- INFECTIOUS AGENT (PATHOGEN)
- RESERVOIR
- PORTAL OF EXIT
- MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION
- PORTAL OF ENTRY
- SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
17
What part of the chain of infection includes organisms such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses that can be detected early and treated to prevent growth?
INFECTIOUS AGENT (PATHOGENS)
18
What is the term for the place where an infectious agent lives and multiplies, such as in contaminated specimens, patients, or the environment?
RESERVOIR
19
What are the soiled inanimate objects, like equipment contaminated with blood or other body fluids, that can serve as reservoirs for infectious agents (aka passive vectorS):_\?
FOMITES
20
What part of the chain of infection refers to the route through which an infectious agent leaves the reservoir, such as through mucous membranes or body fluids?
PORTAL OF EXIT
21
What are the examples of portal of exit in the chain of infection?
MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF NOSE, MOUTH, AND EYES, AS WELL AS IN BLOOD AND OTHER BODY FLUIDS
22
What part of the chain of infection describes how an infectious agent travels from the reservoir to a susceptible host, including direct contact, droplets, or airborne particles?
MEANS OF TRANSMISSION
23
MEANS OF TRANSMISSION INCLUDE:
- DIRECT CONTACT
- DROPLET
-AIRBORNE
-VEHICLE
- VECTOR
24
What term refers to the way an infectious agent enters a new host, often through mucous membranes, open wounds, or breaks in the skin?
PORTAL OF ENTRY
25
What are the examples of the portal of entry in the chain of infection?
MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF NOSE, MOUTH, AND EYES, AS WELL AS BREAKS IN THE SKIN AND OPEN WOUNDS
26
What term refers to individuals, such as immunocompromised patients, the elderly, or health-care workers, who are more vulnerable to infection due to weakened defenses?
SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
27
What set of guidelines, established in 1996 by combining Universal Precautions and Body Substance Isolation, provides comprehensive protection by applying infection control measures to all patient interactions and specimen handling?
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
28
What infection control guideline, introduced by the CDC in 1987, treats all patients as potential carriers of bloodborne pathogens and recommends using gloves and face shields when handling blood or contaminated body fluids?
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
29
What guideline expanded upon Universal Precautions by treating all moist body substances as potentially infectious and requiring gloves at all times, regardless of visible blood contamination?
BODY SUBSTANCE
30
Examples of Universal Precautions:
- All patients are treated as potential carriers of bloodborne pathogens (e.g., HBV, HCV, HIV).

- Wear gloves when collecting or handling blood and body fluids contaminated with blood.

- Wear face shields when there is a risk of blood splashing on mucous membranes.

- Dispose of needles and sharp objects in puncture-resistant containers.

- Excludes urine and other body fluids not visibly contaminated by blood.
31
Examples of Body substance Isolation:
- Considers all body fluids and moist substances (e.g., urine, feces, saliva, wound drainage) as potentially infectious.

- Requires wearing gloves at all times when handling any moist body substances.

- Not limited to protection from bloodborne pathogens—applies to all potential infectious materials.

- A major disadvantage: does not require hand sanitizing after removing gloves unless there is visible contamination.
32
Standard Precautions include:
- HAND HYGIENE
- GLOVES
- GOWN
- MOUTH, NOSE, EYES PROTECTION
- PATIENT CARE EQUIPMENT
- ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
- LINEN
- OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
- PATIENT PLACEMENT
- RESPIRATORY / COUGH ETIQUETTE
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