1How was Darwin's theory different from that of Lamarck?
Lamarck believed that organisms adapted to their environment, resuliting in diversity
2acquired characteristics
physical traits gained during their life time; use and disuse of a structure can bring about inherited change (ex: the giraffe necks developed from stretching to reach food)
3What evidence is there from this chapter that the Earth is very old?
erosion and uplift of the earth's surface (both slow procedures)
4What is an adaptation?
a mutation that helps an organism survive in its environment
5What is artificial selection?
humans choose particular traits
6What is meant by fitness?
reproductive success of an individual relative to other members of the population
7What are strata, and how are they formed?
layers of rock or sedimentary material, the depositation and cementation of sediment over time
8What is a fossil?
remains of once-living organisms
9speciation
formation of a new species
10How does the presence, or absence, of a specific organism in one area and not another, provide evidence for evolution?
It shows how that organism was not fit to live in that one area
11What is convergent evolution?
process in which organisms that are not closely related independently evolve similar features
12vestigial structures
anatomical features that are fully developed in one group of organisms but reduced and nonfunctional in other similar groups (ex: tailbone)
13homologous structures
anatomically similar by inheritance (ex: a human's arms vs a cat's arms)
14analogous structures
structures serve the same function but are not constructed similarly (ex: bird and insect wings)
15What are some vestigial structures in humans?
tailbone
16What types of molecular evidence links species together?
DNA, ATP, and proteins
17Evo-Devo (evolutionary development biology)
branch of biology dealing with embryonic development and how genes affect this process; compares the developmental process of different organisms to infer how this evolution occured