chp 13: mutations and genetic testing

Question 1

What is a mutation?

Accepted Answer

change in the sequence of bases in a gene (ex: sickle cell disease codon GAG to GTG)

Question 2

What can cause a mutation?

Accepted Answer

replication error, transposons, mutagens

Question 3

transposons

Accepted Answer

jumping genes. pieces of DNA that move within and between chromosomes

Question 4

mutagens

Accepted Answer

environmental influences

Question 5

What are two types of point mutations?

Accepted Answer

silent mutation and missense mutation

Question 6

point mutations

Accepted Answer

change in one base

Question 7

sickle cell disease

Accepted Answer

causes single amino acid change (a missense mutation)

Question 8

silent mutation

Accepted Answer

if the amino acid is unchanged

Question 9

missense mutation

Accepted Answer

a change in amino acid

Question 10

What is a frameshift mutation and why is it worse than a point mutation?

Accepted Answer

insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotide pairs, which affects all the downstream codons

Question 11

gene therapy

Accepted Answer

insertion of genetic material into human cells for treatment of a disorder

Question 12

ex vivo gene therapy

Accepted Answer

removal of tissue followed by insertion of a normal gene and replacement in an individual in an attempt to treat a disorder

Question 13

in vivo gene therapy

Accepted Answer

insertion of a normal gene into a person's body in treating a genetic disorder

Question 14

What is often used as a vector to transfer a new gene into a cell?

Accepted Answer

a virus because they are able to transport their genomes into affected hosts

Question 15

vector

Accepted Answer

a DNA molecule that carries a specific DNA segment into a cell

Question 16

name the types of gene editing technologies

Accepted Answer

CRISPR and RNAi

Alle Karten