Algebra and Geometry Formulas

156 flashcardsby Rajiv
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1
SUM OF THE ROOTS
$x_1+x_2=-\frac{B}{A}
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PRODUCT OF THE ROOTS
$(x_1)(x_2)=(-1)^n \left(\frac{C}{A}\right)
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NEXT TERM COEFFICIENT in a
BINOMIAL EXPANSION

GIVEN a TERM in the EXPANSION
$C=\frac{AB}{D+1}$
or
MODE TABLE
f(x)= (sum of variables' expo) C (x)
*n C r*
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AREA OF TRIANGLE
$A=\frac{1}{2}bh$
______________________________
$A=\frac{1}{2}\;ab\ sinC$
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$A=\frac{1}{2}a^2\ \frac{sinB\ sinC}{sinA}$
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$A=\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)} $
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SLOPE INTERCEPT FORM
$y=mx+b
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POINT SLOPE FORM
$m=\frac{y-y_1}{x-x_1}
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$BASIC\;LOGARITHM$
$evaluate\;\;\ = log_bM
$\log_bM=\frac{log\ M}{log\ b}
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$BASIC\;LOGARITHM$
$evaluate\;\;\ = log_b{1}
$\log_b{1}=0
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$BASIC\;LOGARITHM$
$evaluate\;\;\ = log_b{b}
$\log_b{b}=1
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$BASIC\;LOGARITHM$
$evaluate\;\;\ = log_e{x}
$\log_e{x}=lnx
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$BASIC\;LOGARITHM\;\;\;$
$evaluate\;\; = ln(e)
$ln(e)=1
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$versine$
$ (vers)$
$vers(A)= \; 1-cos(A)
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$coversine$
$ (covers)
$covers(A)= \;1-sin(A)
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$haversine $
$(hav)
$hav(A)=\dfrac {1}{2}(1-cos(A))$
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SINE LAW
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COSINE LAW
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MEDIAN OF A TRIANGLE
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ALTITUDES OF A TRIANGLE
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ANGLE BISECTORS OF A TRIANGLE
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GENERAL QUADRILATERAL
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CYCLIC QUADRILATERAL
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TRAPEZOID
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PROPERTY OF CHORDS
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PROPERTY OF SECANTS
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SECANT-TANGENT PROPERTIES
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PROPERTY OF TANGENT
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RELATIONSHIP
of
CENTRAL ANGLE
and
INSCRIBED ANGLE
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TRIANGLE CIRCUMSCRIBE
IN A CIRCLE
$A_t=\dfrac{abc}{4R}$

Perpendicular Bisector of the Triangle that projects towards and MEETS at the
Center of the Circle
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CIRCLE INSCRIBE
IN A TRIANGLE
$A_t= rs$
Angle Bisector projects towards and meets at the Center of Circle
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CIRCLE ESCRIBE
IN A TRIANGLE
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SUMMARY OF SOME PARTS
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$r^{th}\ \ TERM $
of
$BINOMIAL \;\;EXPANSION$
$\left(a+b\right)^n$
$\left(a+b\right)^n$
$r^{th}\ term\ =\left({_n}C_{r-1}\right)\;a^{n-r+1}\ \;b^{r-1}
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$Sum \;of\; coefficients$
$ in\; an\; expansion
$f\left(1,1,1,1,...\right)-f\left(0,0,0,0,...\right)\ $
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Sum of Exponents
in an Expansion
$SoE =(SoE)_{ \ exponent\ of\ the\ variable\ of \ the\ given\ eqn}\,\,\,\, \left( _{n+r-1}C_r \right)
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NUMERICAL COEFFICIENT
of a term in an
EXPANSION
$\frac{n_e!}{\prod\left(n_{ti}!\right)}\left(\prod\left(K_{ei}\right)^{n_{ti}}\right)
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CLOCK PROBLEM
$\theta=\ \frac{11\left(M\right)-\ 60\left(H\right)}{2}$
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nth term in the
Finonacci Sequence
(Binet's Formula)
$F_n=\frac{1}{\sqrt5}\left[\left(\frac{1+\sqrt5}{2}\right)^n-\left(\frac{1-\sqrt5}{2}\right)^n\right]$
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Sum of Fibonacci Sequence
$S_n=\ \left(F_{n+2}\right)\ -\ \left(F_2\right)\
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nth term in the
Lucas Sequence
$L_n=\left(\frac{1+\sqrt5}{2}\right)^n+\left(\frac{1-\sqrt5}{2}\right)^n$
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Sum of Lucas Sequence
$S_n=\ \left(L_{n+2}\right)\ -\ \left(L_2\right)\
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LAPLACE TRANSFORM
CALTECH
$L\left(f\left(t\right)\right)\ =\ \int_{0}^{\infty}{e^{-st}\ \ f\left(t\right)\ dt}$
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SIDE PROPERTIES OF
RIGHT TRIANGLE
OBTUSETRIANGLE
ACUTE TRIANGLE
Considering c is the LONGEST
____________________________________
$\downdownarrows RIGHT\ \Delta\downdownarrows\ $
$c^2=\ a^2\ +\ b^2$
____________________________________
$\downdownarrows OBTUSE\ \Delta\downdownarrows\ $
$c^2>\ a^2\ +\ b^2$
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$\downdownarrows ACUTE\ \Delta\downdownarrows\ $
$c^2<\ a^2\ +\ b^2$
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AREA of TRIANGLE
GIVEN COORDINATES
CALTECH
$MatA\ =\left|\begin{matrix}x_1&y_1&1\\x_2&y_2&1\\x_3&y_3&1\\\end{matrix}\right|$
$\Delta_{Area}=\ 0.5\ \ det\left(MatA\right)$
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AVERAGE VALUE OF A FUNCTION
$y_{avg}=f_{avg}=\frac{1}{b-a}\int_{a}^{b}{f\left(x\right)\ dx}$
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$Number\ of\ Diagonals\ $
$in\ a\ Polygon$
$ \#\ of\ DIAGS=\ \frac{S\left(S-3\right)}{2}$
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INSCRIBED CIRCLE
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ESCRIBED CIRCLE
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CIRCUMSCRIBED CIRCLE
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SHOELACE METHOD
The co-ordinates of the corners of a polygonal area of ground are taken in order, as follows, in meters:
A(0, 0); B (200, -160); C (630, -205); D (1000, 70); E (720, 400); F (310, 540); G (-95, 135), returning to A.
Compute the area.
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EQUATION of a PLANE
Find the equation of the plane that contain the points (4, 3, 1), (1, 8, 6) and (2, 4, 9).
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Find y'
$2x^3\ +\ x^2y+2xy+y^3-67=0$
@x= 2; y=3

unseparable variables
*can be used even with trigo functions*
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Find y''
$x^2\ e^x\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ @\ x=-1$

separable variables
*can be used even with trigo functions*
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CURVE LENGTH
or
PERIMETER of a CURVE
$\int_{a}^{b}{\sqrt{1+\ \left(y'\right)^2}\ dx}$
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A polygon having at least one interior angle GREATER than 180°
  • REGULAR POLYGON
  • CONCAVE POLYGON
  • SIMILAR POLYGON
  • CONVEX POLYGON
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A polygon having at least all interior angle LESS than 180°
  • REGULAR POLYGON
  • SIMILAR POLYGON
  • CONVEX POLYGON
  • CONCAVE POLYGON
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A polygon having all sides equal and all angles equal
  • CONCAVE POLYGON
  • SIMILAR POLYGON
  • REGULAR POLYGON
  • CONVEX POLYGON
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MOTION RELATED PROBLEMS
$v=\ \frac{distance}{time}$
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MOTION in CIRCLE or CLOSED CIRCUIT
same direction
$d_{faster}-d_{slower}=\ 1\ circuit$
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MOTION in CIRCLE or CLOSED CIRCUIT
opposite direction
$d_{faster}+d_{slower}=\ 1\ circuit$
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WORK RELATED PROBLEM
each worker has DIFFERENT rate
$Rate=\ \frac{Job\ Done}{Time}$

Combined Rate = Rate 1 ± Rate 2
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WORK RELATED PROBLEM
each worker has SAME rate
$Job\ Done=\ \left(\#\ of\ MAN\right)\left(\#\ of\ DAYS\right)$
to finish the job
$\Sigma\ \left(Job\ Done\right)=\ total\ number\ of\ MAN-DAYS$
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BROKEN CLOCK METHOD
$x\ =\ \frac{60}{11}\ H\ $ or $x\ =\ \frac{2}{11}\ \theta$
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MOTION in a
WATER CURRENT
or
AIR CURRENT
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ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
common difference
$a_1\ ,\ {\ \ a}_2,\ {\ \ a}_3,{\ \ a}_4,\ {\ \ a}_5,\ {\ \ a}_6$
$d\ \ =\ {\ a}_2-a_1\ \ =\ a_3-a_2\ \ =a_4-a_3$
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ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
nth term
$a_n=a_1+\ \left(n-1\right)\ d$
or
$a_n=a_m+\ \left(n-m\right)\ d$
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ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
sum of first n terms
$S_n=\frac{n}{2}\ \left(a_1+a_n\right)$
____________________________
$S_n=\frac{n}{2}\ \left(2\ a_1+\left(n-1\right)\ d\right)$
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GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
common ratio
$r=\ \frac{a_2}{a_1}\ \ =\ \frac{a_3}{a_2}\ =\ \frac{a_4}{a_3}\ =\ \frac{a_5}{a_4}$
$r=\ \frac{a_3-a_2}{a_2-a_1}$
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GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
nth term
$a_n=\ a_1\ r^{n-1}$
____________________________
$a_n=\ a_m\ r^{n-m}$
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GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
sum of first n terms
for
$r<1.0$
$S_n=\ \frac{a_1\ \left({1-r}^n\right)}{1-\ r}$
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GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
sum of first n terms
for
$r>1.0$
$S_n=\ \frac{a_1\ \left(r^n-1\right)}{r-\ 1}$
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INFINITE GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
sum of the terms
$for\ -1<r<1.0$
$for\ -1<r<1.0$
$S_n=\ \frac{a_1\ }{1-\ r}\ $
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HARMONIC PROGRESSION
a sequence of number are in H.P.
if their reciprocals form an A.P.
common difference of reciprocals
$d=\ \ \ \frac{1}{a_2}-\frac{1}{a_1}\ \ \ =\ \ \ \frac{1}{a_3}-\frac{1}{a_2}$
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HARMONIC PROGRESSION
a sequence of number are in H.P.
if their reciprocals form an A.P.
nth term
$a_n=\ \frac{1\ }{a_{1\ }+\ \left(n-1\right)\ d}\ $
or
$a_n=\ \frac{1\ }{a_{m\ }+\ \left(n-m\right)\ d}$
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HARMONIC PROGRESSION
a sequence of number are in H.P.
if their reciprocals form an A.P.
sum of first n terms
$S_n=\ \frac{1\ }{d}\ ln\ \left[\frac{2\ a_1+\ \left(2n-1\right)d}{2\ a_1-d}\right]$
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ARITHMETIC MEAN
$A.M.=\ \frac{x_1+\ x_2+x_3+x_n\ }{n}$
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GEOMETRIC MEAN
$G.M.=\ \sqrt[n\ \ ] {x_1\bullet\ x_2\bullet x_3\bullet x_n}$
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HARMONIC MEAN
$H.M.=\ \frac{n}{\frac{1}{x_1}+\ \frac{1}{x_2}+\frac{1}{x_3}+\frac{1}{x_n}}$
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RELATIONSHIP
of
G.M. , A.M., and H.M.
$\left(A.M\right)\ \left(H.M\right)=\left(G.M\right)^2$
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STIRLING'S FORMULA

Determine the log(150!)
$n! = \sqrt{2\ \pi\ n}\ \left(\dfrac{n}{e}\right)^n$
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OBLIQUE SPHERICAL TRIANGLE

$Sine\ Law$
$\frac{sin\ a}{sin\ A}\ =\ \frac{sin\ b}{sin\ B}\ =\ \frac{sin\ c}{sin\ C}$
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OBLIQUE SPHERICAL TRIANGLE

LAW of COSINES for SIDES
$cos\ \left(a\right)=\ cos\ \left(b\right)\ cos\ \left(c\right)\ +\ sin\ \left(b\right)\ sin\ \left(c\right)\ cos\ \left(A\right)$
$cos\ \left(b\right)=\ cos\ \left(a\right)\ cos\ \left(c\right)\ +\ sin\ \left(a\right)\ sin\ \left(c\right)\ cos\ \left(B\right)$
$cos\ \left(c\right)=\ cos\ \left(a\right)\ cos\ \left(b\right)\ +\ sin\ \left(a\right)\ sin\ \left(b\right)\ cos\ \left(C\right)$
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OBLIQUE SPHERICAL TRIANGLE

LAW of COSINES for ANGLES
*notice the negative sign*
$cos\ \left(A\right)=\ -cos\ \left(B\right)\ cos\ \left(C\right)\ +\ sin\ \left(B\right)\ sin\ \left(C\right)\ cos\ \left(a\right)$
$cos\ \left(B\right)=\ -cos\ \left(A\right)\ cos\ \left(C\right)\ +\ sin\ \left(A\right)\ sin\ \left(C\right)\ cos\ \left(b\right)$
$cos\ \left(C\right)=\ -cos\ \left(A\right)\ cos\ \left(B\right)\ +\ sin\ \left(A\right)\ sin\ \left(B\right)\ cos\ \left(c\right)$
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de Moivre's Theorem
$\left(r\ \angle\ \theta\right)^n\ =\ r^n\ \angle\ \left(n\ \theta\right)$
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TRIGO FUNCTIONS with $\pi$ (pi)
USE RAD MODE in CALCULATOR
TRIGO FUNCTIONS with $\pi$ (pi)
USE RAD MODE in CALCULATOR
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DIRECTIONAL DERIVATIVES
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HYDRAULIC EXCAVATOR
(PRODUCTION)
$PRODUCTION\ \left(\frac{LCM}{hr}\right)$
$=\ C\bullet\ S\bullet\ V\bullet\ B\bullet\ E$
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DRAGLINE
(PRODUCTION)
$PRODUCTION\ \left(\frac{LCM}{hr}\right)$
$=\ IO\bullet\ S\bullet\ E$
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CYCLE TIME
CYCLE TIME = FIXED TIME + VARIABLE TIME
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