1When and where was the Second Reich declared?
January 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles
2January 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles
When and where was the Second Reich declared?
3What was closed in 1871?
Catholic section of Prussian culture ministry closed
4Catholic section of Prussian culture ministry closed
What was closed in 1871?
5What is a short profile of Otto von Bismarck? (4)
- 1815-98
- Junker from Brandenburg (state holding Berlin)
- Ill throughout his life
- Paranoid and untrusting
6What is a short profile of Kaiser Wilhelm I?
- 1797-1888
- Fought in Napoleonic wars
- Old-fashioned and courteous
7When did Bismarck become Minister President, and of where?
1862, Prussia
81862, Prussia
When did Bismarck become Minister President, and of where?
9What was formed in 1867?
The North German Confederation
10The North German Confederation
What was formed in 1867?
11Summarise the make-up of the German Empire
- 26 states
- Federal nation
- Democratic constitution
12What were the ethnic minorities in the Reich?
- Alsace-Lorraine = French
- North Schleswig = Danish
- East Prussia = Polish
13Which German states retained their monarchies?
Bavaria, Württemberg & Saxony
14Bavaria, Württemberg & Saxony
Which German states retained their monarchies?
15Who controls direct taxation?
Federal governments
16Who controls indirect taxation?
Imperial government
17How extensive was Prussia's control in the Empire? (4)
- Prussia controlled 2/3 territory
- Prussia's territorial population made up 3/5 the total population
- Prussia had 17/58 Bundesrat seats (nearly 30%)
- The imperial army and bureaucracy of the empire was based on Prussia's
18How would you characterise Prussia? (4)
- Authoritarian
- 'Three-class' voting system
- Militant
- Administratively efficient
19Conservative
holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation, typically in relation to politics or religion
20How would you characterise the position of Kaiser? (6)
- Hereditary
- King of Prussia
- Command of army
- Controls foreign policy
- Final say in constitutional matters
- Elected/dismissed Chancellor
21How would you characterise the govt? (3)
- Chancellor - appointed/dismissed by Kaiser
- Ministers - appointed/dismissed by Kaiser & Chancellor
- Decided outlines of policies with Bundesrat & Kaiser
22How would you characterise the Bundesrat? (3)
- 58 representatives from states, proportional to size
- Run by Chancellor
- Initiation/approvalejection of legislation
23How would you characterise the Reichstag? (5)
- Universal male suffrage
- Elections every 3 years
- Question/agreeeject laws
- Cannot amend laws
- Control of budget
24Civil service
The group of people whose job it is to carry out the work of the government
25The group of people whose job it is to carry out the work of the government
Civil service
26Prerogative
A right or privilege (exclusive to the Crown)
27A right or privilege (exclusive to the Crown)
Prerogative
28Martial law
Military government; suspensions of ordinary legal processes
29What was Article 17 of the Constitution?
Duty of Kaiser 'to prepare and publish the laws of the Empire and to supervise their execution'
30Duty of Kaiser 'to prepare and publish the laws of the Empire and to supervise their execution'
What was Article 17 of the Constitution?
31Characterise Bismarck & Wilhelm I's relationship
Stable working relationship; Wilhelm very reliant on Bismarck and his abilities
32Free trade
International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
33Decentralisation
Dispersing power and authority away from the central government.
34Profile the National Liberals (5)
- 1867
- Protestant middle class
- Support unification
- Support free trade
- 1875< became more Conservative
35- 1867
- Protestant middle class
- Support unification
- Support free trade
- 1875< became more Conservative
Profile the National Liberals (5)
36Profile the Zentrum party (4)
- 1870
- German Catholics
- Strong in south and Rhineland
- Conservative and liberal simultaneously
37- 1870
- German Catholics
- Strong in south and Rhineland
- Conservative and liberal simultaneously
Profile the Zentrum party (4)
38Profile the SPD (2)
- 1875
- Represents working class and worked with trade unions
39- 1875
- Represents working class and worked with trade unions
Profile the SPD (2)
40Profile the German Conservative Party (4)
- 1876
- Protestant & aristocratic landowners
- Most right-wing
- Dominant in the Landtag
41- 1876
- Protestant & aristocratic landowners
- Most right-wing
- Dominant in the Landtag
Profile the German Conservative Party (4)
42Profile the Free Conservative Party (3)
- 1871
- Industrialists and businessmen
- Strong supporters of BM
43- 1871
- Industrialists and businessmen
- Strong supporters of BM
Profile the Free Conservative Party (3)
44Profile the Fortschrittspartei (3)
- Believed in constitution
- Not supportive of BM
- Want more powerful RS
45- Believed in constitution
- Not supportive of BM
- Want more powerful RS
Profile the Fortschrittspartei (3)
46Länder
The separate German states
47The separate German states
Länder
48Who devised the 1871 constitution and what was it virtually the same as?
Bismarck, and similar to NGC of 1867
49How did Bismarck keep himself in a position of power? (4)
- Designed the constitution in his favour
- Maintained his authoritarian style of rule
- Threatened to resign
- Shifted his support base from party to party
50How was Bismarck not in a position of power?
- Ultimately answerable to the Kaiser
- Could not levy direct taxes
- Could not ignore the Reichstag and needed its support
- Often away from Berlin due to his ill health