biochem m10 finlas

A genetic disease caused by changes in genes responsible for controlling the way cells grow and multiply

Begins when genes in the cell become abnormal grow & divide out of contro

Genetic changes interfere with the orderly process of the cell which leads to uncontrollable growth

what are the 3 main types OF GENES THAT PLAY A ROLE IN CANCER

it usually happens
where there are changes in genes that
affect cell growth.

is the term used when proto-oncogenes are activated

oncogene May be activated by the following factors:

it normally help cells grow
and divide in order to make new cells.

Prevent the formation of cancerous tumors

Normal genes that slow down cell division or tell cells to die at the right time

plays a vital role in cellular response to
DNA damage

Acts primarily at the G1 checkpoint, where it works to block cell cycle progression in response to damaged DNA

is considered as the most commonly
mutated in human cancers

They help fix mistakes in the DNA, or if they can’t fix them, they trigger the cell to die so the mistakes can’t cause any further problems

example of DNA REPAIR GENES

BRCA stands for stands for

Important genes that stop the cells in
our body from growing and dividing
out of control

example of BRCA1 & BRCA2

Usually manifestsegins in the skin or the tissue that covers the surface of internal organs and glands.

Can form solid tumors.

They are the most common type of cancer.

examples of CARCINOMAS

Begins in the tissues that support and connect the body

May develop in fat, muscles, nerves, tendons, blood vessels, joints, bone, lymph vessels, & cartilage

Cancer of the blood

Begins when healthy blood cells change and grow
uncontrollably.

type of LEUKEMIAS

Begins in the lymphatic system

2 main types of LYMPHOMAS

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Protective genes that help to control the cell growth

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Mutations alter the gene products that inhibit the progression of the cell cycle, causing the development of tumors

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Suppress cell division

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Inactivation (loss of function) causes cancers

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Deletions or point mutations are the main cause of mutations

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Normal genes which, when altered by mutation, become oncogenes that can contribute to cancer

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Mutations alter the gene products in such a way to increase their expression, which cause cancers by increasing cell division

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Activate cell division

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Activation (gain of function) causes cancers

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Produced by point mutations, gene amplification, and chromosomal translocations

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Mutations occur in the somatic tissue

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Exhibit a low tissue preference

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Cancer development is dominant since a mutation of a single copy can cause cancers

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Exhibit more aggressive behavior

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Ex: Ras gene, HER-2, BCR/ABL, EGFR, and VEGF

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Cause chronic myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, kidney cancer, etc.

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Mutations can occur in the somatic or germ-line cells

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Exhibit a high tissue preference

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Cancer development is recessive since both copies of alleles have to be mutated to develop cancer

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Exhibit less aggressive behavior

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Ex: RB, APC, and BRCA1

tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes

Cause Retinoblastoma, colon cancers, breast cancers, etc