1What did National Health Expenditures (NHE) reach in 2019?
\$3.8 trillion
2What did NHE per capita reach in 2019?
\$11,582
3How much did NHE per capita grow annually in 2019?
4.6%
4What is NHE per capita driven by?
fundamental economic and demographic factors: changes in projected income growth, increases in prices for medical goods and services, and enrollment shifts from private health insurance to Medicare because of aging population
5Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
value of goods and services produced by a country in a given year
6What percent of GDP was NHE in 2019?
17.7%
7Is the percent of GDP that is NHE projected to increase every year?
yes
8Why have health care costs risen so rapidly?
-technological advancements
-higher quantity of care
-better quality care
-biodefense, Public Health
-aging population
9Does everyone get the same amount of health care/do each of us spend \$11,582 on healthcare?
no
101% of patients spend more than...accounting for 20% of all health care dollars
\$120,000
115% of all patients account for...of all health care dollars
50%
12What percent of NHE come from public funds?
44%
13What percent of NHE come from private funds?
56%
14What are included in public funds of NHE?
-medicare 21%
-medicaid 16%
-other government/VA 7%
15What are included in private funds of NHE?
-private health insurance 31%
-out of pocket (copays, coins) 11%
-other 14%
16Where does the majority of the NHE come from?
health insurance (73%)
17Where does the 31% of the NHE go to?
hospital care
18Where does 20% of the NHE go to?
physician and clinical services
19Where does 10% of the NHE go to?
prescription drugs
20Medicare
-largest public funding sector--\$798 billion
-21% of total health care spending
-elderly
21Medicaid
-2nd largest public funding sector--\$608 billion
-16% of total health care spending
-low income, poor and elderly, blind, disabled
22What is the largest payer of health care in the US (31%)?
private health insurance--\$1.17 trillion
23Out of Pocket (OOP)
-\$418 billion
-direct consumer payments (copays, deductibles, coinsurance and any spending on non-covered services)
24Hospitals
-largest category of health spending
-\$1.17 trillion
-31% health care spending
25Physicians
-2nd largest category of health spending
-\$760 billion
-20% health care spending
26Prescription Drugs
-3rd largest category of health spending
-\$380 billion
-10% health care spending
27Direct flow of funds
-simple
-fee for service
-from patient to provider
-funds or money flows from patient to health care provider in exchange of service
-most non-health goods and services are purchased this way
28Indirect flow of funds
-advanced
-health insurance
-funds flow from patient to insurance company (premium)
-may flow from insurance company to provider as required (reimbursement)
29Patients and public in the early 1900s pay for/fund what?
charity and providers (out of pocket)
30Charity in the early 1900s pay for/fund what?
providers
31Providers in the early 1900s pay for/fund/provide what?
medical services
32In the 1900s, flow of funds was mostly a...
two-party transaction system between patient and provider
33Was medical care very expensive in the 1900s?
no
34What did medical care mainly consist of in the 1900s?
mostly drugs and physician visits
35Technological advancements made way for...
-expensive tests, procedures
-expensive drugs
36Aging population requiring more care means...
increase in health care spending
37Patients and public in the later 1990s pay for/fund what?
-insurance, managed care (premiums)
-government (taxes)
-providers (out of pocket)
38Insurance, managed care in the later 1990's pay for/fund what?
providers (reimbursement)
39Government in the later 1990's pay for/fund what?
providers
40Providers in the later 1990's pay for/fund/provide what?
medical services
41Out of pocket transactions have shifted to become...since the early 1900's
less
42Third party, government, and private insurance transactions have shifted to become...since the early 1900's
more