1The term prokaryotes refers to...?
unicellular organisms that have no nucleus
2The term microbiota refers to ?
all microorganisms in a certain region of the human body
3The type of interaction between two prokaryotic populations in which one population benefits and the other is not affected?
commensalism
4Which of the following describes Proteobacteria in domain Bacteria?
Phylum
5What Alphaproteobacteria is the cause of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus?
Bartonella
6Class Betaproteobacteria includes all but which of the following genera?
- Campylobacter.
- Leptothrix
- Bordetella
- Neisseria
7Haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of which of...?
upper respiratory tract infections
8Which of the following is the organelle that spirochetes use to propel themselves?
axial filament
9Which of the following bacteria are the most prevalent in the human gut?
Bacteroides
10photosynthesis performed by bacteria with the use of water as the donor of electrons is referred to as...?
oxygenic
11Which of the following bacterial species is classified as high G+C gram-positive?
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Bacillus anthracis
- Streptococcus pneumonia
12The term “deeply branching” refers to...?
the position in the evolutionary tree of deeply branching bacteria
13Which of these deeply branching bacteria is considered a polyextremophile?
- Aquifex pyrophilus
- Deinococcus radiodurans
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
14Archaea and Bacteria are most similar in terms of their ________.
unicellular structure
15Which of the following is true of archaea that produce methane?
- They reduce carbon dioxide in the presence of nitrogen.
- They live in the most extreme environments.
- They are always anaerobes.
- They have been discovered on Mars.
16T/F Among prokaryotes, there are some that can live in every environment on earth.
True
17When prokaryotes live as interacting communities in which one population benefits to the harm of the other, the type of symbiosis is called ________.
parasitism
18The domain ________ does not include prokaryotes.
Eukarya
19Pathogenic bacteria that are part of the transient microbiota can sometimes be eliminated by ________ therapy.
Antibiotic
20Nitrogen-fixing bacteria provide other organisms with usable nitrogen in the form of ________.
ammonia
21Rickettsias are ________ intracellular bacteria.
obligate
22The species ________, which belongs to Epsilonproteobacteria, causes peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum.
Helicobacter pylori
23The genus Salmonella belongs to the class ________ and includes pathogens that cause salmonellosis and typhoid fever.
gammaproteobacteria
24The bacterium that causes syphilis is called ________.
Treponema pallidum pallidum
25Bacteria in the genus Rhodospirillum that use hydrogen for oxidation and fix nitrogen are ________ bacteria.
purple nonsulfur
26Streptococcus is the ________ of bacteria that is responsible for many human diseases.
genus
27One species of Streptococcus, S. pyogenes, is a classified as a ________ pathogen due to the characteristic production of pus in infections it causes.
pyogenic
28Propionibacterium belongs to ________ G+C gram-positive bacteria. One of its species is used in the food industry and another causes acne.
high
29The length of the branches of the evolutionary tree characterizes the evolutionary ________ between organisms.
distance
30The deeply branching bacteria are thought to be the form of life closest to the last universal ________ ________.
common ancestor
31Many of the deeply branching bacteria are aquatic and hyperthermophilic, found near underwater volcanoes and thermal ocean ________.
vents
32The deeply branching bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans is able to survive exposure to high doses of ________.
ionizing radiation
33 ________ is a genus of Archaea. Its optimal environmental temperature ranges from 70 °C to 80 °C, and its optimal pH is 2–3. It oxidizes sulfur and produces sulfuric acid.
Solfolobus
34________ was once thought to be the cause of periodontal disease, but, more recently, the causal relationship between this archaean and the disease was not confirmed.
Methanobrevibacter oralis
35Compare commensalism and amensalism.
Commensalism-Benefitted Unaffected
Amensalism-Harmed Unaffected
36Give an example of the changes of human microbiota that result from medical intervention.
childbirth- babies born naturally will receive some of their mothers microbiota passing while passing through their body. babies born as a c-section will only receive the microbes that are present on the doctors/nurses hands when they arrive
37What is the metabolic difference between coliforms and noncoliforms? Which category contains several species of intestinal pathogens?
coliforms can ferment completely, whereas noncoliforms cannot but do contain several species of ingestinal pathogens
38Why are Mycoplasma and Chlamydia classified as obligate intracellular pathogens?
because part of their life cycle must occur in the host cells
39Explain the term CFB group and name the genera that this group includes.
CFB are gram negative nonproteobacteria that include cytophaga, fusobacterium and bacteriosides - similar sequence of nucleotides in their DNA
40Name and briefly describe the bacterium that causes Lyme disease.
borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete
41Characterize the phylum Cyanobacteria.
phototrophic bacteria, chlorophyll contained in their cells, Photosynthesis in Cyanobacteria is oxygenic, use phycocyanin and cyanophycin, two secondary photosynthetic pigments that give them their characteristic blue color, nonproteobacteria, largest cellular immune system, Genera such as Microcystis can form harmful cyanobacterial blooms, Blue-green bacteria
42Name and describe two types of S. aureus that show multiple antibiotic resistance.
methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate (MRSA) (VISA)
43Briefly describe the significance of deeply branching bacteria for basic science and for industry.
important for our understanding of evolution; some of them are used in industry: may provide clues regarding the structure and function of ancient and now extinct forms of life
44What is thought to account for the unique radiation resistance of D. radiodurans?
the special ability is attributed to some unique mechanism of DNA repair
45What accounts for the purple color in salt ponds inhabited by halophilic archaea?
from the pigments bacteriochlorophylls and carotenoids
46What evidence supports the hypothesis that some archaea live on Mars?
the mixture of gases produced by methanogens resembles the makeup of martian atmosphere