01 Genetics in BB

______________ antigens (ags) are found on the surfaces of RBCs &
Plts and are associated with genetic make up

There are ___ Human Blood Groups that result in over _____ different ags,
i.e., 346 RBC ags and 33 platelet ags*.

approx. ____ ags are what we deal with on a daily basis.

If a patient lacks a RBC ag and is transfused with blood containing
the patient's lacking RBC ag, the __________

These RBC Abs can cause subsequent transfusion reactions by
attacking the transfused cells and destroying them, either through
__________ or ___________

1. Certain genes expressed themselves as dominant
2. Dominant was designated by a capital letter (R = red color); flowers were all seen as Red color.
3. However, there was a white flower that he saw which was designated as a lower case letter (r = white) where the white color was expressed when the recessive genes were only expressed in the homozygous state

When the two different traits come together in one hybrid pair, the two characters do not mix with each other and are independent of each other.

Genes for different traits are inherited separately from each other and
allows for all possible combinations of genes to occur in the offspring.

gene indicated by using a capital letter

gene indicated by using a small letter

The ___________ is expressed over the recessive gene, e.g.,
B = brown eyes; b = blue eyes; Bb = brown eyes are seen

the presence of the same two genes

the presence of two different genes

(Dominant or Recessive) - linked to x gene

2 genes are equally expressed when
both are present, e.g., A gene & B gene present, AB is expressed.

One of the most useful tools in the study of population genetics. It
permits the estimation of gene frequencies from phenotype
frequencies observed in a population.

States (in algebraic form) that the genotype frequencies in a
population, remain constant or in equilibrium from generation to
generation, unless specific influences are introduced.

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
p = gene frequency of the dominant allele
q = gene frequency of the recessive allele

❑ Population studied must be large.
❑ Mating among all individuals must be random.
❑ Mutations must not occur in parents or offspring.
❑ There must be no migration, differential fertility, or mortality of genotypes studied.

➢ Is an attribute that you can NOT "see"
➢ Old thinking - Individual genetic makeup cannot be absolutely determined without
family studies, but can be "inferred" from the phenotype, based on gene frequencies
in a population

New evolution today - the detection of the molecular make-up of the blood group ags; analysis / probe for a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs)

➢ A physical attribute that you can "see" i.e., hemagglutination

➢ Test results using specific antisera with red blood cells