1drug nomenclature - chemical name
identifies a drug's atomic and molecular structure
2drug nomenclature - generic name
assigned by the manufacturer that first develops the drug; derived from chemical name
3drug nomenclature - official name
name by which drug is identified in official publications (typically generic name)
4drug nomenclature - trade name
brand name copyrighted by the company that sells the drug
5oral drug preparations
capsule, pill, tablet, extended release, elixir, suspension, syrup
6topical drug preparations
liniment, lotion, ointment, suppository, transdermal patch
7parenteral drug preparations
administered anywhere else but orally; injectable, infusion, implantation
17drug classifications
1) pharmaceutical class: refers to the mechanism of action, physiologic effect, and chemical structure
2) therapeutic class: refers to the clinical indication for the drug or therapeutic action
18pharmacokinetics
how the drug is transported and distributed
- absorption
- distribution
- metabolism: drug is inactive or takes new form
- excretion: happens after drug is inactive
19pharmacodynamics
process where drugs aalter cell physiology and affect the body
- drugs can turn on, off, promote, or block responses
- drug receptor interactions happens whne drug interacts with one or more cellular structures
- drug can combine with other molecules to achieve desired effect
- drugs can atc on cell membrane or alter cellular envi
20adverse drug reactions: side effects
unintended, secondary effects are mild, predictable, and can be tolerated (morphine causes constipation)
21adverse drug reactions: allergic effects
severe adverse reaction
- anaphylactic reaction: life threatening, resp distress, CV collapse
22adverse drug reactions: drug tolerance
body is accustomed to effects of a particular drug
23adverse drug effects: toxic effect
symptoms that can carry risk for permanent damage or death
24adverse drug effects: idiosyncratic effect / paradoxial effect
unusual or peculiar response to a drug
25adverse drug effects: drug interactions
- antagonisitc: one drug interferes with action of another
- synergistic: when drugs interact and create an increased effect
26factors affecting drug action
- development
- weight
- sex
- culture / genetics
- psychology
- pathology
- envi
- timing
27therapeutic range
concentration of a drug in blood serum that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity
28peak level
highest plasma concentration of a drug; measured one hour after drug is administered
29trough level
point when the drug is at its lowest concentration, indicating elimination
30half-life
amount of time it takes for 50% of blood concentration of a drug to be eliminated from the body
31types of medication orders
- standing order: carried out until cancelled
- PRN: as needed
- single or one time order
- stat order
32parts of medication order
- patient's name
- date and time order is written
- name of drug being administered
- dosage
- route by which drug is administered
- frequency
- signature of person writing order
33eight rights of medication administration
1) right drug
2) right dose
3) right patient
4) right route
5) right time
6) right documentation
7) right indication
8) maintaining patients' rights (right to refuse)