1What is semen composed of and where does is come from?
secretion from testes, epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral galns
2Is zinc is low, where is the problem?
in the prostate
3What produces in the prostate?
zinc,
citric acid,
acid phosphatase
4Where does 70% of ejaculation come from?
seminal vesicle
5what does the seminal vesicle produce?
fructose
flavin (color)
6what gives the color of sperm and where does it come from?
Flavin; comes from seminal vesicle
7Where does sperm mature?
epididymis
8Where is sperm and testosterone production?
in the testis; seritoli cells.
9Which hormones help regulate sperm and testosterone production? and where is it produced?
FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (leutinizing hormone) ; produced in the anterior pituitary gland.
10where are sertoli cells located?
in the seminiferous tubules of the testis
11What process do sperm cells undergo for form spermatids?
meiosis
12Where do sperm cells mature?
epididymis
13After the epididymis, where do sperms travel to?
enter vas deferens and leads to urethra
14What are accessory glands?
prostate, 2 seminal vesicles, and 2 bulbourethral glands
15For fertility assessment, what is the procedure for specimen collection?
several samples over a 3 - month period with abstinence btw 2 and 7 days before collection of each sample.
16How much ejaculat is collected in specimen collection? and is which container?
entire thing in a clean steril container
17How are samples delivered to lab?
within 1 hr maintained between 20 - 40 degrees celcius
18What does a normal sperm collection look like
normal gray-white and opalescent
immediately coagulates but should liquefy within 30 minutes.
19what is the volume of sperm collection?
2 - 5 mL
20What is the viscosity for normal sperm?
after liquefaction, normal specimen is watery and forms discrete droplets.
21Is lower than 50 % of sperm are immotile, what should be tested?
vitality ( with stain ) and slide
22What does vitality show?
Red = dead
white = alive
23What is the normal sperm concentration? million /mL
20 - 250 million/ mL
24What is used to determine the concentration of sperm count?
hemocytometer
25what is the formula for sperm count?
Sperm concentration x volume (mL) = sperm count
26When should sperm count be zero fo post-vasectomy?
12 weeks
27What are the 3 distinct areas of sperm?
head, midpiece (mitochondria), and tail
28What indicates an inflammatory process?
more than 1 million WBCs per mL
29What can resemble WBCs but are not WBCs?
immature spermatogenic cells.
30Is it normal to find RBCs in sperm?
NO; abnormal finidn.
31What does agglutination of sperm indicate?
immunological problem, even a small amount .
when head to tail, tail to tail, head to head
32What is clumping?
not agglutination; muscus clumps cells together
33What is the normal pH of sperm?
7.2 to 7.8
34Is pH is less than 7.2, what does that indicate?
abnormalities of epididymis, vas deferens, or seminal vesicles
35If pH is more than 7.8, what does that indicate?
above 7.8 suggested infection.
36what is fructose for? and where is it produced?
food for sperm; seminal vesicles