endocrine system

Passageway that carries substances to specific locations. Saliva, sweat, tear, all reach destination with ducts.

Glands with ducts, and glands without

Secreted by ductless glands. Secreted into extracelluar fluid, carried by

Chemicals that communicate regulatory messages. Only certain type cells can respond, but all cells can recieve

Nervous system is quick response to stimuli
Hormone system deal with slower but longer lasting responses with stress, sexual development, chemical levels

Overlap between endocrine and nervous system
Release neurohormone (eg: epinephrine)

Information sent to control center, endocrine gland compare information to desirable value, and send back signals

Cause affected gland to stop releasing its own hormones

Tell affected gland to release more

Endocrine gland release hormone in response to other hormones

when hormones are released in pulses. Discharged several times per day per day. Lead to minute to minute function of circiulating hormones

Recieve info from all over the body and other part of the brain.
Detect change in body, then release hormone to direct pituitary gland

Directed by hypothlamus, just below it and is size of a pea

Anterior gland, posterior gland

Release antiduretic hormone(vasopresin) and oxytocin

Increase water retenion. Used in dehydration

Contract women's uterine muscle during child birth

Antiduretic hormone and oxytocin
Influence stress coping and social responses

Paraentrcular of nuclei and suptraoptic nuclei on side of hypothlamus

Transported along axon of neuron to terminal of posterior pituitary

Stimulated when hypothlamus release releasing hormones, also release inhibiting hormones

Trophic hormones and nontrophic hormones

Hormones released by anterior pituitary, regulate action of other glands

Stimulate testes and ovarie

Regulate production of thyriod hormones. And growth of thyriod

Nontrophic hormone, stimulate mammory gland growth and milk synthesis in mammals.

Inhibits hunger

Dull perception of pain

Released by anterior pituitary,

Too much growth hormone during childhood

Too much growth hormone in adulthood, lead to excess bone growth

Not enough GH in childhood, can be treated with injections

Below adam's apple

Deficient thyrioid in infancy, lead to mental retardation and poor skeletal growth

Help maintain normal blood pressure and heart rate, muscle tone and digestive function.

Lead to high body temperature, profuse sweating, weight loss, irrability, blood pressure

Can causes cretinism. Causes weight gain, lethargy, intolerance, and cold.

Produced by thyroid gland
Work with parathyroid hormone to maintain proper calcium level in blood
Excreted when blood calcium is high

Produced by four small parathyroid glands, embedded of thyroid
If blood pressure fall too low parathyroid hormone is released

Major gland in abdominal cavity below stomach. However, hormone secreting cells only make up 2% of its weight.

Endocrine secreting cells in pancreas
Produces glucagon and insulin.
Glucagon increase blood glucose concentration, insulin decrease concentration

Insulin deficnecy of cell cant absorb insulin
Type I happens from childhood

Located above kidneys. composed of outer layer of Adrenal Cortex and inner core of Adrenal Medulla

Release epinepherine (adrenaline), noreperphrine

Anterior pituitary release ACTH that stimulate adrenal cortext to release this group of steroids.

Cause more glucose to be avilable. Also help body deal with stress

Gonads (tests for men and ovaries for women) produce most sex hormones

Androgens, estrogen, progestins

Mostly produced by testes, (testeserone)
Leads to development of male reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics

Maintain female reproductive system, secondary sex characteristics

Maintain menstrual cycle

protein secreted by bone to regulate blood sugar levels.
also brain function and physical fitness