lecture 7 * social psychology *

interactions with groups make people more alike (behaviour, feelings , beliefs)

rules, tradition and fashion etc

people are influnced by ideas and behaviours of others

change in behaviour or opinion as consequnce of social pressure

1. compliance
2. obedience
3. acceptance

following a request of others

"can you bring me a cup of coffee ?"

following pressure of authority

"shoot that person "

follow because you re sincerely acceptant

over time people compile with the opinion of others as time passes

others offer security , we internalize " private conformity "

after sucide was widely reported in the media , increase in number of suicides

we conform to the behaviour of the people like us around or those we want to become like

match the line with the length of other

people reporting alone 99% correct

if 6 people respond before wrong line

on averege 32% confomity

1. group size
2. self esteem
3. importance of group to the perosn
4. allieneted other participant

1. control
2. connectedness

"when many people think this way it must be true "

consensus implies "replication "

norms as consensus exert informational influence

need to belong " go along to get along "

rituals clothing

norms and consnsus exert normative influence

1. situation ( ambiguous vs clear )
2. reality ( subjective vs objective )
3. influence ( informational vs normative )
4. conformity ( private vs public )

people will follow the behaviour of all the others even if it is nor rational

not all the times the crowd has more wisdom

participants asked to give electric shocks to fake participants in order to see if they obey to the authority

1. authority must be legitimate
2. authority must take responsability
3. norms of obedince must be salient
4. other norms not salient ( responsability owards the victim )

→ obedince is going to be lowered

Milgram : the implcit and explicit reminder of norm was present

other norms could be : norm of social responsability ( person is obedint most when the person cannot see or hear )

nurses were asked to give patients an injection with twice as much as allowed

fatal overdose

21 out of 22 agreed

not alweys succesful

3 characteristics of people who commit genocide

1. often do not have a personality disorder
2. often have normal motives
3. routinization

belonging , wanting to do a good job, tryng to make a career

carry out the tak without thinking of morality

often depersonalization of victims

infrahumanization

belief that one's ingroup is more human than an outgroup, which is less human

scope of justice : to whom do general principles of morality apply

not to all organisms ( omoram muste ) not to some people

1. denial of goods ( grants )
2. denial of rights ( equality , voting)
3. denial of fair and respoectful treatment

hate musyt be taken into consideration as hate is not anger

hate extends over time as it cannot be solved on the spot

people who commit crimes against umanity are not indiferent about victims

most violence is morally motivated

belief that victims deserve to suffer and requires

moral exclusion

hatred

genuene belief that they are doing " the right thing

due to the four roots of evil

1. instrumental
1. get something from others
2. threthened ego
1. hurt pride : narcissism
3. idealism
1. conviction to do the right people
4. sadism
1. plesure from seeing others suffer

belief in justice worl : people get what they deserve

"bad things happen to bad people "

possible consequences : victim blaming

paricipants see recording of how confederate recieve shocks for 10 minutes

conditions

1. past event ( recorded in the past )
2. end point ( suffering is over )
3. reward ( you could make it stop )
4. reward decision ( could protest but idk if it stops)
5. midpoint ( there would be another 10 min )
6. martyr ( could volunteer for another session in order to prevent someone else )

they were asked how likeble the person shocked is

in the one they could choose to participate insted of them : the person is considered most unlikable

belif in a just world

high trust institutions

religious

right wing conservativ

low depression

high self esteem

offenders are inclinde to percieve their acts as a small incident

offenders emphesize that their acts are understandable

victims emphasize how unncecry the actions were

participants read text with ambiguous offense

various negative outcomes for victim various extenuating circumstances offender

take perspective of offended /victim

after distraction they had to write the story pov

offenders recall extanunating circumstances

we see much more negative outcomes as victim

people are capable of negative acts if they are obedient to authority

normal motives can lead to horrific acts

people can sometimes place out groups outside their "scope of justice"

offenders downplay thier own actions

told that what happens will be traumatic ( hallucinations etc)

"coudl you write a nice pov of this study ? "

obey

not obey

blow the whistle : announce the comity

they had time to think 7 minutes

people thought they would not lie when they did (76.5% lied) ( think only 3.6%)