American Trypanosomiasis Chagas' Disease

American Trypanosomiasis Chagas' Disease (acute or chronic protozoan disease)

CO?

*Wild and domesticated animals, humans and reduviid bugs

*Mucosa or compromised skin

*zoonotic, anthropod vector
-vector (reduviid "kissing" bug bites and defecates)
-scratching infects bite wound
-vertical transmission
-contaminate food
-latent infections

*1 week for acute disease and months-years for chronic disease

*protozoan replicates in cells at site of infection
*cellular damage and protozoa replication leads to inflammationand spread of infection to circulatory system and other organs
*persistance of protozoa as intracellular parasites inhibs normal organ function
*result=various chronic disease states, reduces host life spans

*Acute Phase
-possible swelling at site of infection or bite
*fever, fatigue, malaise, head ache, diarrhea, vomiting
*Romana sign (unilateral edema with conjuctivitis)
-mild organ enlargement

*constipation
*digestive problems
*abdominal pain

*weeks to months

*decades

*megacolon
*megaesophagus
*cardiomyopathy
*heart failure
*Mortality

*megacolon
*megaesophagus

attributable risk percent

42.5%

*control reduvild bug population
*reduce hiding areas around homes
*insecticides
*bed nets
*testing and tx
*screen blood and organ supply

*Nifurtimox
*Benznidazole
*acute phase efficacy