1What are the three general ways to affect dna synthesis and integrity with drugs? explain
*interefere with gyrase (topoisomerases, leads to supercoiling)
*inhibit folic acid (vitamin synthesis)
*binds to RNA polymerases to block transcription
2What four classes of drugs used to affect DNA synthesis and integrity?
*Quinolones
*Sulfonamides
*Metronidazole (flagyl)
*Rifamycin
3How do Quinolones work? Class?
interfere with bacterial DNA topoisomerases (gyrase) leads to supercoiling (ATTACKS DNA SYNTHESIS)
4How do Rifamycin work? Class?
*binds to rna polymerases and blocks transcription (rifampin) (ATTACKS DNA SYNTHESIS)
5How do Sulfondamides work? class?
*inhibit folic acid (vitamin synthesis)
*broad spectrum
*bacteriostatic
(ATTACK DNA SYNTHESIS)
6How does Metronidazole (flagyl work)? class?
*only works in reduced form
*damages anaerobic bacteria and protozoans
(ATTACKS DNA SYNTHESIS)
7What four drugs inhibit protein synthesis? Which are broad spectrum vs narrow spectrum?
*Aminoglycosides (broad)
*Tetracyclines (broad)
*Chloramphenicol (broad)
*Macrolides (narrow)
8What are three types of Aminoglycosides?
*streptomycin
*neomycin
*gentamicin
9What is one type of macrolides? how does it work?
*erythromycin, blocks binding of rna polymerases, inhibiting transcription
10What are four mechanisms of action by Antifungal drugs?
*ergosterol synthesis (messes with membrane)
*cell wall synthesis (inhibits syntehsis of B-glycan)
*nucleic acids (interfers with rna synthesis)
*inhibition of microtubules (messes with mitosis)
11What are azoles? Give two examples
*type of antifungal drug
*inhibits ergosterol synthesis (membrane)
*Miconazole and Triazole
12What class of Antiviral drugs inhbiit dna synthesis?
*nucleoside and nucleotide analogs
13What are four ways Antiviral drugs act as enzyme inhibitors?
*protease inhibitors (prevents viral proteins from becoming functional by cutting them)
*inhibit attatchment of virus
*inhibit uncoating of virus (can't carry out it's evil plan)