Antimicrobial Drugs Part 2
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1
What are the three general ways to affect dna synthesis and integrity with drugs? explain
*interefere with gyrase (topoisomerases, leads to supercoiling)
*inhibit folic acid (vitamin synthesis)
*binds to RNA polymerases to block transcription
*inhibit folic acid (vitamin synthesis)
*binds to RNA polymerases to block transcription
2
What four classes of drugs used to affect DNA synthesis and integrity?
*Quinolones
*Sulfonamides
*Metronidazole (flagyl)
*Rifamycin
*Sulfonamides
*Metronidazole (flagyl)
*Rifamycin
3
How do Quinolones work? Class?
interfere with bacterial DNA topoisomerases (gyrase) leads to supercoiling (ATTACKS DNA SYNTHESIS)
4
How do Rifamycin work? Class?
*binds to rna polymerases and blocks transcription (rifampin) (ATTACKS DNA SYNTHESIS)
5
How do Sulfondamides work? class?
*inhibit folic acid (vitamin synthesis)
*broad spectrum
*bacteriostatic
(ATTACK DNA SYNTHESIS)
*broad spectrum
*bacteriostatic
(ATTACK DNA SYNTHESIS)
6
How does Metronidazole (flagyl work)? class?
*only works in reduced form
*damages anaerobic bacteria and protozoans
(ATTACKS DNA SYNTHESIS)
*damages anaerobic bacteria and protozoans
(ATTACKS DNA SYNTHESIS)
7
What four drugs inhibit protein synthesis? Which are broad spectrum vs narrow spectrum?
*Aminoglycosides (broad)
*Tetracyclines (broad)
*Chloramphenicol (broad)
*Macrolides (narrow)
*Tetracyclines (broad)
*Chloramphenicol (broad)
*Macrolides (narrow)
8
What are three types of Aminoglycosides?
*streptomycin
*neomycin
*gentamicin
*neomycin
*gentamicin
9
What is one type of macrolides? how does it work?
*erythromycin, blocks binding of rna polymerases, inhibiting transcription
10
What are four mechanisms of action by Antifungal drugs?
*ergosterol synthesis (messes with membrane)
*cell wall synthesis (inhibits syntehsis of B-glycan)
*nucleic acids (interfers with rna synthesis)
*inhibition of microtubules (messes with mitosis)
*cell wall synthesis (inhibits syntehsis of B-glycan)
*nucleic acids (interfers with rna synthesis)
*inhibition of microtubules (messes with mitosis)
11
What are azoles? Give two examples
*type of antifungal drug
*inhibits ergosterol synthesis (membrane)
*Miconazole and Triazole
*inhibits ergosterol synthesis (membrane)
*Miconazole and Triazole
12
What class of Antiviral drugs inhbiit dna synthesis?
*nucleoside and nucleotide analogs
13
What are four ways Antiviral drugs act as enzyme inhibitors?
*protease inhibitors (prevents viral proteins from becoming functional by cutting them)
*inhibit attatchment of virus
*inhibit uncoating of virus (can't carry out it's evil plan)
*inhibit attatchment of virus
*inhibit uncoating of virus (can't carry out it's evil plan)
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